爆炸载荷下泡沫混凝土动态响应及吸能特性研究  

Dynamic Response and Energy Absorption Characteristics of Foam Concrete Under Blast Loads

作　　者：高一轩 祖旭东[1] 黄正祥[1] 黄灿灿 GAO Yixuan;ZU Xudong;HUANG Zhengxiang;HUANG Cancan(School of Mechanical Engineering,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,China;China Ordnance Industry Group Aviation Ammunition Research Institute Co.,Ltd,Harbin 150036,China;Jiujiang Guoke Yuanda Electromechanical Co.,Ltd,Jiujiang 332100,China)

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学机械工程学院,江苏南京210094 [2]中国兵器工业集团航空弹药研究院有限公司,黑龙江哈尔滨150036 [3]九江国科远大机电有限公司,江西九江332100

出　　处：《弹道学报》2025年第1期85-92,共8页Journal of Ballistics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(11872214)。

摘　　要：为了研究爆炸载荷冲击下厚度对于泡沫混凝土动态响应及吸能特性的影响,以不同厚度的泡沫混凝土为研究对象,利用有限元软件,开展了0.8 m/kg 1/3比例爆距下,平面尺寸300 mm×300 mm、0~30 mm泡沫混凝土厚度条件下的抗爆数值计算。随后,开展了其中0 mm、10 mm、20 mm和30 mm 4种厚度条件下的泡沫混凝土抗爆试验,验证了数值计算的准确性。通过数值计算,研究了泡沫混凝土在爆炸载荷冲击下的破坏形式及耗能机理,量化分析了泡沫混凝土吸收爆炸波能量的能力,得到了泡沫混凝土的吸能特性及背部铝合金板的变形响应随泡沫混凝土厚度变化的影响规律,推导了相应的工程计算模型。结果表明:随着厚度的增加,泡沫混凝土的破碎区尺寸逐渐减小,当厚度为30mm时,泡沫混凝土的破碎区仅占总体积的2.9%;泡沫混凝土可以有效地吸收并耗散爆炸波的能量,其吸能能力随着厚度的增加而增加,厚度为5~30 mm的泡沫混凝土分别可以吸收42.8%~91.9%的爆炸波能量;随着厚度的增大,背部铝合金板的位移响应逐渐减小,当厚度为30 mm时,铝合金背板中心的位移响应下降至23.2 mm,仅为不覆盖泡沫混凝土时的12.6%。To study the influence of thickness on dynamic response and energy-absorption characteristics of foamed concrete(FC)under explosion-load impact,the numerical calculation of anti-explosion of FC under 0.8 m/kg 1/3 ratio-detonation-distance and 0-30 mm thickness was carried out by using finite element software.Subsequently,the anti-explosion tests of FC with thickness of 0 mm,10 mm,20 mm and 30 mm,were carried out to verify the accuracy of the numerical calculation.Through numerical calculation,the damage form and energy-dissipation mechanism of FC under the impact of explosion-load were studied,and the ability of FC to absorb explosion-wave energy was quantitatively analyzed,and the law of the energy absorption characteristics of FC and the deformation response of aluminum alloy plate on the back influenced by the change of thickness of FC was obtained,and the corresponding engineering-calculation-model was derived.The results show that,the size of the FC crushing zone gradually shrinks with the increase of thickness.The FC crushing-zone only accounts for 2.9%of the overall volume when the thickness is 30 mm.FC can effectively absorb and dissipate the energy of explosion wave,and its energy-absorption capacity increases with the increase of thickness.The foam concrete with thickness of 5-30 mm can absorb 42.8%-91.9%of explosion wave energy respectively.The displacement response of aluminum alloy backplane steadily shrinks as FC thickness increases.While the thickness of FC is 30 mm,the displacement response of the center of the aluminum alloy backplane drops to 3.2 mm,which is only 12.6%of that without FC.

关 键 词：爆炸载荷 泡沫混凝土 抗爆试验 动态响应 吸能特性 工程计算模型 

分 类 号：O383[理学—流体力学]