298家助产机构产科麻醉护士人力资源现况和岗位任务分析  

Analysis of the current situation of human resources and job description of anesthesia nurses in 298 maternity settings

作　　者：董苏琳 夏海鸥 黄绍强[1] 孙申[1] 刘艳[1] 顾春怡[1] DONG Sulin;XIA Haiou;HUANG Shaoqiang;SUN Shen;LIU Yan;GU Chunyi(Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital,Fudan University,Shanghai 200090,China;School of Nursing,Fudan University,Shanghai 200032,China;Shanghai Shanda University,Shanghai 201209,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学附属妇产科医院,上海200090 [2]复旦大学护理学院,上海200032 [3]上海杉达学院,上海201209

出　　处：《中国妇幼卫生杂志》2025年第1期33-42,共10页Chinese Journal of Women and Children Health

基　　金：复旦大学护理科研基金(FNF202359)。

摘　　要：目的分析产科麻醉护士人力资源现况和岗位任务特征,为完善产科麻醉护士岗位管理和队伍建设提供依据。方法采用方便抽样法于2024年1—3月选取全国298家助产机构作为调查对象,采用自行编制的“产科麻醉护士人力资源及岗位管理调查问卷”和“产科麻醉护士岗位实践内容调查问卷”进行横断面调查,并对麻醉护士岗位任务进行因子分析和聚类分析。结果全国298家助产机构共有产科麻醉护士507人,年龄主要为30~39岁(50.7%),学历以本科(82.1%)为主,职称以护师和主管护师(84.0%)为主,麻醉护理工作年限多为≤10年(79.5%)。麻醉护士岗位角色以产科麻醉总务护士(47.9%)、产科手术间麻醉护士(44.8%)和产科麻醉后监测治疗室(post-anesthesia care unit,PACU)护士(59.0%)为主。产科麻醉总务护士岗位任务主要分为二类,Ⅰ类为麻醉药品、仪器设备管理和感染控制工作;Ⅱ类为麻醉相关收费。产科手术间麻醉护士岗位分为四类,Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类多为手术间常规麻醉护理操作,多由麻醉护士自主执行或在麻醉医师间接监督下执行;Ⅲ类和Ⅳ类多为特殊检验和操作。产科PACU护士岗位分为二类,Ⅰ类是基础任务,包括剖宫产术后病情观察、转运、健康教育及麻醉后住院随访等;Ⅱ类是进阶任务,包括全麻剖宫产气道管理、术后麻醉及手术并发症识别处理等。麻醉门诊护士岗位分为二类,Ⅰ类包括术前麻醉评估;Ⅱ类包含合并症孕产妇术前指导、麻醉后并发症识别处理和随访等。疼痛管理麻醉护士岗位分为三类,Ⅰ类是疼痛管理基础操作;Ⅱ类包括疼痛评估、镇痛前准备、并发症识别处理和镇痛效果评价;Ⅲ类为实施不同途径镇痛措施。结论产科麻醉护士的职称和学历结构有待提升,岗位实践内容呈阶梯化功能制特征,有必要进一步完善麻醉护士人力结构配置和工作模式,合理分配岗位任务,优化麻�Objective To analyze the current status of human resources and task characteristics for obstetric anesthesia nurses,in order to provide evidence for improving their post management and team development.Methods Convenience sampling was used to recruit obstetric anesthesia nurses in 298 maternity settings in China as study subjects from January to March 2024.A cross-sectional survey was conducted based on self-designed questionnaires,the“Survey on Human Resource Management and Position Management of Obstetric Anesthesia Nurses”and the“Survey on Job Practice Content of Obstetric Anesthesia Nurses”.Factor analysis and cluster analysis were used to analyze job contents of anesthesia nurses.Results There were 507 obstetric anesthesia nurses in 298 maternity settings in China.Most of them were 30-39 years old(50.7%),with bachelor degree(82.1%),holding nurse practitioner and nurse-in-charge positions(84.0%),and working for less than 10 years(79.5%).Their roles playing mainly included obstetrical general anesthesia nurses(47.9%),anesthesia nurses working in obstetric operation room(44.8%)and working in obstetric post-anesthesia care unit(59.0%).The job descriptions of obstetrical general anesthesia nurses were clustered into 2 categories:ClassⅠincluded the management of narcotic drugs and equipment management,and infection control;ClassⅡwas responsible for anesthesia-related charging.The job descriptions of anesthesia nurses working in obstetric OR were clustered into 4 categories:ClassⅠandⅡwere responsible for routine anesthesia nursing operations in the OR,which were mainly performed by anesthesia nurses independently or indirectly supervised by anesthesiologists;ClassⅢandⅣwere mainly in charge of special tests and operations.Nurses working in obstetric PACU were clustered into 2 categories:ClassⅠwas responsible for basic tasks,including patients observation and transferal after cesarean section,health education and follow-up after anesthesia during hospitalization.ClassⅡwould take charge of adva

关 键 词：产科 麻醉护理 人力资源 岗位任务 因子分析 聚类分析 卫生人力 

分 类 号：R47[医药卫生—护理学]