徐州地区献血者人群隐匿性乙型肝炎病毒感染现状及血清学特征分析  

Status and serological features of occult hepatitis B virus infection among blood donors in Xuzhou

作　　者：刘佳惠 王贝 周丽玲 LIU Jiahui;WANG Bei;ZHOU Liling(Xuzhou Red Cross Blood Center,Xuzhou 221006,China)

机构地区：[1]徐州市红十字血液中心,江苏徐州221006

出　　处：《中国输血杂志》2025年第3期402-407,共6页Chinese Journal of Blood Transfusion

摘　　要：目的 了解徐州地区献血者人群隐匿性乙型肝炎病毒感染(OBI)现状、影响因素及血清学特征,为改进血液安全筛查策略提供数据支持。方法 对2019年1月—2023年12月徐州地区的献血者标本采用酶联免疫法(ELISA)进行血清学检测和转氨酶检测,检测后合格的标本进行核酸检测(NAT)。统计分析乙肝感染献血者的性别、年龄、学历和职业信息,并运用Logistic回归分析法分析OBI人群的易感因素和流行趋势。对OBI献血者和合格献血者(对照组)采用化学发光法定量检测抗-HBs、HBeAg、抗-HBe和抗-HBc水平。结果 545 292名献血者中,共有388名OBI献血者,阳性率为0.07%。经多因素Logistic回归分析,男性、>45岁、大专以下学历、农民为OBI感染的相关危险因素。388名OBI献血者以抗-HBs和抗-HBc阳性(48.71%)、抗-HBs、抗-HBe和抗-HBc阳性(16.75%)及抗-HBc单独阳性(16.49%)居多,合格献血者则以抗-HBs单独阳性(46.96%)及血清学全阴性(26.52%)为主。各模式下OBI献血者的抗-HBs水平均低于合格献血者(P<0.05)。对于抗-HBc阳性者,OBI献血者抗-HBs水平分布以<100 IU/L为主,明显低于合格献血者(P<0.05),合格献血者抗-HBs水平>1 000 IU/L的比例高于OBI献血者(P<0.05)。结论 徐州地区献血者中存在一定比例的OBI感染,且整体呈下降趋势,NAT有助于提高HBV感染检出率。OBI献血者的性别、年龄、学历和职业方面的流行病学分布存在差异,且在血清学分布特征上与合格献血者比较有差异。Objective To explore the current status,influencing factors,and serological characteristics of occult hepa-titis B virus infection(OBI)among blood donors in Xuzhou,so as to provide data support for improving blood safety screen-ing strategies.Methods Blood samples from blood donors from January 2019 to December 2023 in Xuzhou were tested u-sing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)for serological markers and transaminase levels.Qualified samples were then subjected to nucleic acid testing(NAT).Statistical analysis was performed on the gender,age,education level,and occupation of HBV-infected donors.Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors and epidemiological trends in OBI donors.Chemiluminescence immunoassay was used to quantify the levels of anti-HBs,HBeAg,anti-HBe,and anti-HBc in OBI donors and eligible donors(control group).Results Among the 545292 blood donors,there were 388 OBI donors were identified,with a positive rate of 0.07%.Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that male gender,age>45 years,education below college level,and occupation as a farmer were associated risk factors for OBI infection.A-mong the 388 OBI donors,the predominant serological patterns were anti-HBs and anti-HBc positive(48.71%),anti-HBs,anti-HBe,and anti-HBc positive(16.75%),and anti-HBc alone positive(16.49%).In contrast,the most common pat-terns among eligible donors were anti-HBs alone positive(46.96%)and serologically negative(26.52%).Anti-HBs levels in OBI donors were significantly lower than those in eligible donors across all patterns(P<0.05).For donors positive for anti-HBc,the distribution of anti-HBs levels in OBI donors was predominantly<100 IU/L,significantly lower than that in eligible donors(P<0.05),while and the proportion of eligible donors with anti-HBs levels>1000 IU/L was higher than that in OBI donors(P<0.05).Conclusion There is a certain proportion of OBI infections among blood donors in Xuzhou,with an overall declining trend.NAT contributes to improved detection rates of HB

关 键 词：隐匿性乙型肝炎病毒感染 核酸检测 乙型肝炎血清学标志物 流行病学 献血者 

分 类 号：R457.1[医药卫生—治疗学] R373.2[医药卫生—临床医学] R446