电化学双电层电容器失效机理的研究进展  

Research progress on failure mechanism of electrochemical double layer capacitors

作　　者：徐桂培 孙倩 赖洁文 卢毅锋 邸会芳 黄辉 王振兵 XU Guipei;SUN Qian;LAI Jiewen;LU Yifeng;DI Huifang;HUANG Hui;WANG Zhenbing(Yunfu Power Supply Bureau of Guangdong Power Grid Corporation,Yunfu 527300,Guangdong,China;Shanxi Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials,Taiyuan 030001,Shanxi,China;Institute of Coal Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Taiyuan 030001,Shanxi,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]广东电网有限责任公司云浮供电局,广东云浮527300 [2]山西省炭材料重点实验室,山西太原030001 [3]中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所,山西太原030001 [4]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《化工学报》2025年第3期951-962,共12页CIESC Journal

基　　金：山西省重点研发计划项目(2021020660301013);山西省关键核心技术和共性技术研发攻关专项(20201102018)。

摘　　要：电化学双电层电容器(electrochemical double layer capacitors,EDLC)因其高功率密度,长循环寿命和快速充放电能力而备受关注。然而,EDLC的稳定性和可靠性对于实际应用具有决定性的影响。为提升稳定性和延长寿命,深入了解性能衰减与失效机理至关重要。探讨了EDLC的失效标准以及性能衰减的监测和原位电化学表征方法。通过综述EDLC失效研究的新进展,聚焦于电极材料、电解液、电极-电解液界面及集流体等核心组件,旨在揭示不同体系中的失效现象和机理。最后,展望了高稳定性EDLC的发展方向和挑战,强调新材料开发与表征方法改进,为性能优化和应用拓展提供策略。Electrochemical double layer capacitor(EDLC)has attracted much attention due to its high power density,long cycle life and rapid charging capacity.However,the stability and reliability of EDLC are critical for practical applications.To improve the stability and extend life,it is important to understand the mechanism of performance attenuation and failure.This paper discusses the failure criteria of EDLC and methods for monitoring and in-situ electrochemical characterization of performance degradation.By reviewing research progress on the failure of EDLC,it focuses on key components such as electrode materials,electrolyte,electrode/electrolyte interface and current collector,with the purpose of revealing the failure phenomena and mechanisms in different systems.Finally,we look forward to the development direction and challenges of high stability EDLC,emphasizing the development and characteristics of new materials,and providing strategies for performance optimization and application expansion.

关 键 词：失效机理 失效标准 炭电极 有机电解液 电极-电解液界面 集流体 

分 类 号：TM53[电气工程—电器]