低温胁迫下工业大麻幼苗的生理响应  

Physiological Responses of Industrial Hemp Seedlings to Low Temperature Stress

作　　者：闫博巍 常传义 隋月 张元野 郑楠[1] 房郁妍[1] 张明[1] 张利国[1] YAN Bowei;CHANG Chuanyi;SUI Yue;ZHANG Yuanye;ZHENG Nan;FANG Yuyan;ZHANG Ming;ZHANG Liguo(Institute of Cash Crops,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150086,Heilongjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院经济作物研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150086

出　　处：《中国麻业科学》2025年第1期36-44,62,共10页Plant Fiber Sciences in China

基　　金：黑龙江省农业科技创新跨越工程—经济作物突破性新品种选育及产业化应用(GX23GG04);中国博士后科学基金第14批特别资助(2021T140187);黑龙江省自然科学基金(LH2024C103);黑龙江省博士后研究人员落户黑龙江科研启动项目。

摘　　要：低温是限制工业大麻地理分布范围和麻籽产量及品质的关键因素。研究以籽用型工业大麻品种龙大麻9号为试验材料,对其幼苗进行1~7 d的4℃低温胁迫处理(25℃为对照),并对低温胁迫下工业大麻幼苗生长和生理指标进行测定。结果表明:低温胁迫导致植株生物量积累及叶绿素含量降低,抑制工业大麻生长,总鲜重下降29%~37%,总干重下降17%~22%。随低温胁迫时间延长,大麻幼苗叶片膜透性增大,相对电导率在处理7 d时升至75.7%;离子渗透及膜脂过氧化水平加剧,渗透调节物质增加,在处理3 d时可溶性蛋白含量是对照组的1.5倍,于处理7 d时,可溶性糖含量增加75%,脯氨酸含量为对照组的1.2倍;细胞活性氧在叶片中积累增多;丙二醛含量在整个处理时期始终上升,在处理后期上升速率有减缓趋势,可在一定程度缓解胁迫造成的损伤。在响应低温胁迫过程中,工业大麻主要通过渗透调节物质的增加及抗氧化酶活性的提升来缓解低温胁迫对植物细胞造成的损伤。以上研究结果为阐明工业大麻低温胁迫的响应机制提供了重要的理论依据。Low temperatures is a key factor that limits the geographical distribution of industrial hemp and the yield and quality of hemp seeds.The seed-type industrial hemp variety Longdama No.9 was used as the test material,and its seedlings were treated with low temperature stress at 4℃for 1 to 7 days(25℃ as the control).The growth and physiological indicators of industrial hemp seedlings were measured under low temperature stress.The results showed that low temperature stress caused plant biomass accumulation and chlorophyll content to decrease,inhibited the growth of industrial hemp,the total fresh weight decreased by 29% to 37%,and the total dry weight decreased by 17% to 22%.With the extension of low temperature stress time,the membrane permeability of hemp seedling leaves increased,and the relative electrical conductivity increased to 75.7% at the 7th day of treatment;the levels of ion permeation and membrane lipid peroxidation intensified,and osmotic regulating substances increased.At the 3rd day of treatment,the soluble protein content was 1.5 times that of the control group.At the 7th day of treatment,the soluble sugar content increased by 75% and the proline content was 1.2 times that of the control group;cellular reactive oxygen species accumulated in the leaves increased;The content of malondialdehyde always increased throughout the treatment period,and the increase rate tended to slow down in the later treatment period,which could alleviate the damage caused by stress to a certain extent.In response to low temperature stress,industrial hemp mainly alleviates the damage caused by low temperature stress to plant cells through the increase of osmotic regulating substances and antioxidant enzyme activities.The above provides an important theoretical basis for elucidating the response mechanism of industrial hemp to low temperature stress.

关 键 词：低温 工业大麻 生理指标 响应机制 

分 类 号：S563.3[农业科学—作物学]