施氮量及追肥时期对苎麻生长生理和纤维产量的影响  

Effects of Different Nitrogen Treatments and Its Application Periods on the Growth,Physiology and Fiber Yield of Ramie

作　　者：李茜 管圣 许明志 陈建福 卢建宁 荣晶 王立琦 佘玮[1] LI Xi;GUAN Sheng;XU Mingzhi;CHEN Jianfu;LU Jianning;RONG Jing;WANG Liqi;SHE Wei(College of Agriculture,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《中国麻业科学》2025年第1期53-62,共10页Plant Fiber Sciences in China

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部:国家麻类产业技术体系(CARS-16-E11);湖南省教育厅重点项目(23A0178)。

摘　　要：为探究不同施氮量及追肥时期对苎麻生长和产量的影响,以中苎2号为试验材料,设置4个施氮量,分别为:不施氮肥(N0)、减施氮肥30%(N1,273 kg/hm^(2))、减施氮肥15%(N2,332 kg/hm^(2))、常规氮肥(N3,390 kg/hm^(2))。氮肥处理的60%氮肥基施,剩余40%的氮肥一次性追施,2个追肥时期,分别为封行期(a)和旺长期(b)。以常规施肥方案N3-a为对照,分析不同处理对苎麻生长、生理和纤维产量的影响。研究表明,与常规施氮量相比,氮肥减量下对苎麻叶面积指数、SPAD值等影响较小,对农艺性状、光合指标、氮代谢酶活性等具有促进作用。减氮15%处理下,年纤维产量与常规氮肥处理相比仅相差19.37 kg/hm^(2),且相同施氮量封行期追肥处理的产量明显优于旺长期追肥的各处理。该研究中中苎2号采用常规施肥量基础上减施15%氮肥和封行期追肥(N2-a)的方案,有利于实现其高产优质栽培。To investigate the effects of different nitrogen application rates and topdressing periods on ramie growth and yield,using Zhongzhu No.2 as the experimental material,four nitrogen application rates were set:no nitrogen fertilizer(N0),30%nitrogen reduction(N1,273 kg/hm^(2)),15% nitrogen reduction(N2,332 kg/hm^(2)),and conventional nitrogen fertilizer(N3,390 kg/hm^(2)).For nitrogen treatments,60% of nitrogen fertilizer was applied as basal application,and the remaining 40% was topdressed at one time,with two topdressing periods:canopy closure stage(a)and vigorous growth stage(b).Using conventional fertilization scheme N3-a as control,the effects of different nitrogen treatments on ramie growth,physiology,and fiber yield were analyzed.The study showed that compared with con53 ventional nitrogen application rate,nitrogen reduction had smaller impacts on ramie leaf area index and SPAD values,while promoting agronomic traits,photosynthetic indicators,and nitrogen metabolism enzyme activities.Under 15% nitrogen reduction treatment,the annual fiber yield differed by only 19.37 kg/hm^(2) compared with conventional nitrogen treatment.Moreover,under the same nitrogen application rate,the ramie yield of treatments topdressing at canopy closure stage was significantly better than that at vigorous growth stage.Reducing 15% nitrogen fertilizer based on conventional application rate combined with topdressing at canopy closure stage(N2-a)serves as the reference fertilization scheme for Zhongzhu No.2 cultivation in this study,which is conducive to achieving high yield and quality cultivation.

关 键 词：苎麻 氮肥 农艺性状 生理 纤维产量 

分 类 号：S563.1[农业科学—作物学]