中国天然气管网特征与计量要求  

Characteristics and metering requirements of natural gas pipeline network in China

作　　者：常宏岗 周代兵 黄敏 邵璟 CHANG Honggang;ZHOU Daibing;HUANG Min;SHAO Jing(Natural Gas Research Institute,PetroChina Southwest Oil&Gasfield Company,Chengdu,Sichuan 610213,China;Key Laboratory of Natural Gas Quality Control and Energy Measurement,State Administration for Market Regulation,Chengdu,Sichuan 610213,China;Chengdu Verification Branch,National Oil and Gas Large Flowrate Measurement Station,Chengdu,Sichuan 610213,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油西南油气田公司天然气研究院 [2]国家市场监管重点实验室(天然气气质控制和能量计量重点实验室) [3]国家石油天然气大流量计量站成都分站

出　　处：《天然气工业》2025年第3期36-45,共10页Natural Gas Industry

基　　金：国家市场监督管理总局科研项目“天然气能量计量关键参数溯源技术和现场应用研究”(编号:2023MK107);中国石油天然气集团有限公司科技项目“公司发展战略与科技基础工作决策支持研究”(编号:2023DQ0108-21)。

摘　　要：在推进中国双碳目标实施进程中,天然气发挥着越来越重要的作用。天然气管网中的天然气计量是多参数耦合的连续动态气体计量,其计量的复杂性增加了实现准确计量的难度。为此,从中国天然气计量界面、计量保障和计量结果准确度等维度系统分析了天然气计量特点与计量管理要求,提出了天然气计量的发展方向。研究结果表明:(1)“全国一张网”的天然气管网大格局下,不同交接界面应对应不同准确度等级的计量系统;(2)中国配套建立了以体积计量为基础的天然气计量技术体系,天然气流量计、在线气相色谱分析仪、流量计算机是天然气计量系统的关键计量器具;(3)天然气计量系统等级越高,对应的计量系统设计、建设、计量器具配置、投资、运行、管理要求越高,完整的天然气计量结果应有不确定度评定说明,以表示结果的可信程度。结论认为:(1)天然气计量是天然气工业重要的基础性工作,准确、可靠的天然气计量结果是天然气工业高质量发展的重要保障,应加快天然气计量向能量计量转变;(2)进一步加强计量溯源性与量值传递能力建设,能量计量是天然气计量发展的主要方向。Natural gas plays an increasingly important role in the process of promoting the implementation of dual-carbon goal in China.Natural gas metering in natural gas pipeline network is a multi-parameter coupled continuous dynamic gas metering,with a complexity challenging the accurate measurement.In this paper,the characteristics and management requirements of natural gas metering are analyzed from the dimensions of natural gas metering interface,metering guarantee and metering result accuracy.Besides,the development direction of natural gas metering is pointed out.The following results are obtained.First,under the big natural gas pipeline network pattern of"one national network",different transfer interfaces shall correspond to the metering systems with different accuracy classes.Second,in China,a set of natural gas metering technology system based on volume metering has been established,and natural gas flow meter,on-line gas chromatography analyzer and flow computer are the key measuring instruments of natural gas metering system.Third,the higher the accuracy class of natural gas metering system,the more strict the requirements on the design,construction,metering instrument allocation,investment,operation and management of the corresponding metering system.Complete natural gas results should have an uncertainty assessment to indicate their credibility.In conclusion,natural gas metering is an important basic work in natural gas industry,accurate and reliable natural gas metering results are an important guarantee for the high-quality development of natural gas industry.Therefore,it is necessary to speed up the transformation of natural gas metering to energy metering in China.What's more,the state will further strengthen the construction of metering traceability and measurement transfer capacity,and energy metering is the main development direction of natural gas metering.

关 键 词：天然气 计量系统 计量器具 界面 准确度 不确定度评定 能量计量 

分 类 号：TE648[石油与天然气工程—油气加工工程]