不同介质300 W叶轮动力特性测试与数值模拟研究  

Dynamic characteristics test and numerical simulation of 300 W impeller in different media

作　　者：杨敏 韩巧丽[2] 田应元 郭珊珊 王一博 YANG Min;HAN Qiaoli;TIAN Yingyuan;GUO Shanshan;WANG Yibo(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China;College of Energy and Transportation Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China;Qingdao Innovation Development Base of Harbin Engineering University,Qingdao 266000,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学机电工程学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010018 [2]内蒙古农业大学能源与交通工程学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010018 [3]哈尔滨工程大学青岛创新发展基地,山东青岛266000

出　　处：《中国测试》2025年第3期105-112,130,共9页China Measurement & Test

基　　金：内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2022MS05050)。

摘　　要：为探究海流机与风力机的动力学相似特征,研究叶轮在不同介质中的动力特性变化规律。通过300 W叶轮的水槽试验与空气中车载试验对叶轮输出功率进行测试,并建立一套针对不同介质中300 W叶轮的数值仿真模型。结果表明,水槽试验在叶尖速比最高点动力特性较低,叶轮动力特性随叶尖速比的减小而升高;车载试验中叶轮动力特性随叶尖速比升高呈先上升后下降趋势,在叶尖速比为4.8时功率因数最大为29%;同时通过数值模拟分析300 W叶轮在不同介质中的运动情况。得出叶轮在水中涡流损失较小,但叶轮后方尾流低速区面积较大,导致叶轮利用效率降低,同时发现在水与空气中来流流速越大尾流低速区恢复越快。对比试验与仿真模拟动力特性变化规律一致。该文利用试验验证仿真模型的合理性,为后续叶轮机械的设计研究提供技术支撑。In order to explore the dynamic similarity characteristics of ocean current turbine and wind turbine,the dynamic characteristics of impeller in different media were studied.The output power of 300 W impeller was tested by flume test and vehicle test in air,and a set of numerical simulation models for 300 W impeller in different media was established.The results show that the dynamic characteristics of the flume experiment are low at the highest tip speed ratio,and the dynamic characteristics of the impeller increase with the decrease of the tip speed ratio.In the vehicle test,the dynamic characteristics of the impeller increase first and then decrease with the increase of the tip speed ratio.When the tip speed ratio is 4.8,the maximum power factor is 29%.At the same time,the movement of 300 W impeller in different media is analyzed by numerical simulation.It is concluded that the vortex loss of impeller in water is small,but the area of wake low-speed zone behind the impeller is large,which leads to the decrease of impeller utilization efficiency.At the same time,it is found that the larger the flow velocity in water and air,the faster the recovery of wake low-speed zone.The comparison test is consistent with the simulation of dynamic characteristics.In this paper,the rationality of the simulation model is verified by experiments,which provides technical support for the subsequent design and research of turbomachinery.

关 键 词：叶轮机械 不同介质 动力特性 水槽试验 数值模拟 

分 类 号：TB9[一般工业技术—计量学] TK83[机械工程—测试计量技术及仪器]