小型多功能池式研究堆设计现状与展望  

Design and prospects of small multifunctional pool research reactor

作　　者：陈晓亮[1] 韩鹏 朱吉印[1] 朱珈辰 CHEN Xiaoliang;HAN Peng;ZHU Jiyin;ZHU Jiachen(Department of Reactor Engineering and Technology,China Institute of Atomic Energy,Beijing 102413,China)

机构地区：[1]中国原子能科学研究院反应堆工程技术研究所,北京102413

出　　处：《核技术》2025年第3期17-34,共18页Nuclear Techniques

基　　金：中国原子能科学研究院院长基金(No.YZ232505000302)资助。

摘　　要：池式研究型反应堆是全球多用途研究堆中的重点类型,因其在安全特性、多用途性和运行维护等方面的突出表现而备受关注。在池式堆中,热功率为1~10 MW的小型研究堆方案设计最为成熟,应用场景最为广泛。为了探索未来池式研究堆堆芯设计及其应用场景的发展趋势,首先,根据全球开展RERTR(Reduced Enrichment Research and Test Reactor)低浓化项目并进行堆芯重新设计的小型池式研究堆不同的堆芯方案进行对比,研究分析未来小型池式研究堆堆芯可采用的燃料类型和组件结构,以及目前全球小型池式研究堆的应用情况。其次,总结了小型池式研究堆在燃料类型和堆芯结构两个方面的发展现状,汇总了研究堆各类中子应用场景的技术指标。最终,通过横向对比探究分析推判:未来小型池式研究堆将采用紧凑型堆芯设计,采用高密度的低浓缩铀燃料,以紧凑可移动式小堆芯为基础,以大水池内中子源应用设施为主要发展方向。Pool-type research reactors are the key reactor types among the current multi-purpose research reactors in the world.They have attracted much attention due to their outstanding performance in safety characteristics,versatility,operation and maintenance.Among pool-type reactors,the design of small research reactors with a thermal power of 1~10 MW is the most mature and has the widest application scenarios.This study systematically analyzes the evolutionary trends of small-scale pool-type reactors(1~10 MW thermal power),focusing on core design innovation and application diversification.Firstly,various core schemes of small pool-type research reactors worldwide carried out under RERTR(Reduced Enrichment Research and Test Reactor)de-enrichment projects and core redesign projects are comparatively analyzed alongside the fuel types and component structures that can be used in the core of future small pool research reactors,so does the current applications of small pool-type research reactors around the world.Then,the development status of small pool-type research reactors in terms of fuel type and core structure together with the technical indicators of various neutron application scenarios of research reactors are summarized.Finally,through horizontal comparative exploration and analysis,it is concluded that the future small pool-type research reactor will adopt a compact core design,high-density low-enriched uranium as fuel,based on a compact and movable small core,and with neutron source application facilities in large pools as the main development direction.

关 键 词：多功能 池式研究堆 紧凑型堆芯 弥散型燃料 U-MO合金 

分 类 号：TL441[核科学技术—核技术及应用]