高压水射流注入液态铅铋的传热升压特性研究  

Characteristics of heat transfer and pressure boosting in high-pressure water injecting into liquid lead-bismuth

作　　者：胡晗 李根 梁晓雯 HU Han;LI Gen;LIANG Xiaowen(School of Electric Power Engineering,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510641,China)

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学电力学院,广州510641

出　　处：《核技术》2025年第3期195-203,共9页Nuclear Techniques

基　　金：广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(No.2022A1515010217)资助。

摘　　要：铅铋堆蒸汽发生器传热管两侧具有较大的压力差和温度差,而且铅铋冷却剂对换热管具有腐蚀作用,长期运行存在破裂的可能性。为揭示铅铋堆蒸汽发生器传热管破裂(Steam Generator Tube Rupture,SGTR)事故下铅铋池的传热升压机理,基于计算流体力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)方法,通过耦合VOF(Volume of Fluid)模型、Realizable k-ε模型和Lee相变模型对高压水射流注入液态铅铋的相互作用过程进行数值模拟。结果表明:模拟得到的压力和温度变化与实验结果符合较好,验证了数值模型的准确性。高压水射流冲击铅铋池瞬间导致铅铋压力出现了尖峰,随后高压水降压闪蒸产生大量蒸汽是压力持续升高的主要原因;在射流轴向中心线x/d=1位置上监测到了最大压力峰值,约为0.2 MPa;距注入口距离越远,监测到的压力峰值越小,在x/d=20处已无明显的压力峰。在蒸汽迁移过程中,铅铋与蒸汽界面出现了K-H不稳定旋涡,并且尾流卷吸和夹带了部分铅铋,导致汽穴碎化为多个蒸汽块。研究结果可为铅铋堆的安全设计提供技术参考。[Background]There is a large pressure difference and temperature difference on both sides of the heat transfer tube of the lead-bismuth reactor steam generator,and the lead-bismuth coolant has a corrosive effect on the heat transfer tube,there is a possibility of rupture in long-term operation.[Purpose]This study aims to reveal the mechanism of pressure pulse generation in the steam generator tube rupture(SGTR)of lead-bismuth reactor,obtain the dynamic distribution of lead-bismuth,water and vapor components,and the pressure and temperature fields.[Methods]Firstly,based on the Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)method,a numerical simulation was carried out on the process of high-pressure water jet injection into a high-temperature lead-bismuth molten pool by coupling the Volume of Fluid(VOF)model,the Realizable k-εmodel,and the Lee phase change model.Then,high pressure water jet injection of liquid lead bismuth experiment was conducted on the basis of LIFUS 5 platform to verify simulation results.[Results]The results show that the simulated pressure and temperature changes are in good agreement with the experimental results,the main reason for the increase in pressure after high-pressure water injection is the large amount of vapor generated by depressurization and heating evaporation.The pressure peak detected at the position of x/d=1 on the axial centerline is the highest,which is 0.2 MPa,the farther away from the injection port,the smaller the detected pressure peak is,at x/d=20,no obvious pressure peak can be detected.During the vapor migration process,a K-H unstable vortex appeares at the interface between lead-bismuth and vapor,and the wake entrained and entrained part of the lead-bismuth,causing the vapor pockets to fragment into multiple vapor blocks.[Conclusions]The model proposed in this study has high reliability,and the research results can provide technical support for the safety design of lead-bismuth reactors.

关 键 词：铅铋反应堆 蒸汽发生器 传热管破裂 铅水反应 射流蒸发 

分 类 号：TL99[核科学技术—核技术及应用]