新质生产力赋能共同富裕的内在机制、问题审视与优化路径  

The Internal Mechanism,Problems and Optimization Path of the New Quality Productivity Empowering Common Prosperity

作　　者：李麦收 高星 Li Maishou;Gao Xing

机构地区：[1]河南大学经济学院,河南开封475004 [2]河南财政金融学院金融学院,河南郑州451464 [3]河南大学乡村振兴研究院,河南开封475004

出　　处：《西南金融》2025年第2期3-16,共14页Southwest Finance

基　　金：河南省哲学社会科学规划项目“数字经济驱动河南制造业绿色发展的机理及对策研究”(2023BJJ009);河南省软科学研究计划项目“‘双碳’目标下数字金融赋能农业绿色低碳转型的作用机制、空间效应与政策优化研究”(252400411270);河南省软科学研究计划项目“新质生产力视域下绿色金融赋能河南生态产品价值实现的机制与路径研究”(252400410053);河南省软科学研究计划项目“河南省数字经济驱动经济增长与生态环境协调发展的机制与对策研究”(242400410268);河南省高等学校重点科研项目“数字经济对黄河流域绿色全要素生产率的影响机理及对策研究”(25A790011)。

摘　　要：共同富裕承载着人民对美好生活的向往与追求,数字时代下新质生产力成为一种新型的生产力。本文构建新质生产力与共同富裕的评价指标体系,定量测算了我国各省新质生产力和共同富裕的发展水平,发现在2012—2022年间,我国新质生产力和共同富裕整体上呈现出增长趋势,各省份与各地区均有较大幅度提升,但地区间发展差异显著。在此基础上,理论阐释了新质生产力赋能共同富裕的直接效应、产业结构升级与创业活跃度机制的间接效应,并构建计量模型进行实证检验。研究结果表明,发展新质生产力显著促进了共同富裕。然而,当前新质生产力赋能共同富裕还面临着科技发展、劳动保障、产业发展等方面的问题。因此,本文提出夯实科技发展的制度保障,弥合科技发展的不充分不平衡;完善从业者的劳动权益保障体系,优化教育培训体系与教育资源配置;强化产业基础能力建设,完善市场化机制等优化路径。Common prosperity carries the people's yearning and pursuit for a better life,and the new quality productivity has become a new type of productivity in the digital era.By constructing the evaluation index system of the new quality productivity and common prosperity,this paper quantitatively measures the development level of the new quality productivity and common prosperity in China's provinces.This paper shows that,the new quality productivity and common prosperity show an overall growth trend,and all provinces and regions also have significant improvement,but the development difference between regions is significant in China from 2012 to 2022.On this basis,the direct effect of new quality productivity enabling common prosperity and the indirect effect of industrial structure upgrading and entrepreneurial activity mechanism are theoretically analyzed,and the econometric model is constructed for empirical test.The results show that the development of new quality productivity significantly promotes common prosperity.However,at present,the new quality productivity enabling common prosperity still faces multiple problems in S&T development,labor security and industrial development.In this regard,this paper puts forward the optimization paths of consolidating the institutional guarantee of S&T development,bridging the insufficiency and imbalance of S&T development;perfecting the labor rights and interests protection system of practitioners,optimizing the education and training system and the allocation of educational resources;strengthening the construction of industrial basic capacity,and perfecting the market-oriented mechanism.

关 键 词：新质生产力 科技创新 共同富裕 收入差距 收入分配 产业转型升级 人工智能 数字金融 

分 类 号：F124[经济管理—世界经济]