矿砂料仓均匀下料的优化模拟  

Simulation and optimization on the uniform descending of ore sand silo

作　　者：魏代春 倪俊 曾旺 尹利潭 宫平 寇明银 周恒 Wei Daichun;Ni Jun;Zeng Wang;Yin Litan;Gong Ping;Kou Mingyin;Zhou Heng(University of Science and Technology Beijing,Technical Support Center for Prevention and Control of Disastrous Accidents in Metal Smelting;University of Science and Technology Beijing,State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy;University of Science and Technology Beijing,School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering,Bejing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学金属冶炼重大事故防控技术支撑基地,北京100083 [2]北京科技大学绿色低碳钢铁冶金全国重点实验室,北京100083 [3]北京科技大学冶金与生态工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《材料与冶金学报》2025年第2期108-113,130,共7页Journal of Materials and Metallurgy

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2021YFC2902404)。

摘　　要：针对某多粒径分布的矿砂在实际卸料过程易出现料面流动均匀性变差的问题,以该矿砂均匀下料为目标,先采用离散单元法建立了三维料仓下料模型,模拟解析了现有料仓结构下多粒径矿砂的流动行为,并提出了利用高度偏差值指数定量评价下料均匀性指数的方法,而后解析了不同导流体结构对矿砂下料均匀性的影响规律.结果表明:现有料仓结构下料过程为典型漏斗流,其流型依次为“一”型至“U”型及“V”型,下料不均匀,高度偏差的最大值达到653 mm;3种类型的导流体均改变了下料流型,使炉料下料均匀性得以改善;其中,叠锥型导流体改善效果最好,高度偏差可降低至300 mm以下,下料均匀性也最优,实际生产中可采用该种导流体结构改善料仓下料的均匀性.This study is carried out on a certain ore with multiple particle size distributions,which is prone to poor flow uniformity of the material surface during the actual discharging process.With the goal of uniform feeding of the ore,the discrete element method is first used to establish a three-dimensional silo feeding model.The model is then used to simulate and analyze the flow behavior of multi-particle size ore sand under the existing silo structure.A method of quantitatively evaluating the uniformity index of material feeding using the height deviation index is proposed,and then the influence of different guide body structures on the uniformity of ore feeding is analyzed.The results show that the discharging process of the existing silo structure is a typical funnel flow,and the flow patterns are from“一”type to“U”type and“V”type.The descending is uneven and the maximum height deviation value can be up to 653mm.All three types of flow deflectors change the discharge flow pattern and improve the uniformity of ore sand.Among them,the stacked cone type flow structure has the best improvement effect.The height deviation can be reduced to less than 300 mm,and the descending is uniform with this structure.This kind of flow deflector structure can be used in actual production to improve the uniform descending of ore sand from the silo.

关 键 词：矿砂 离散单元法 导流体 均匀下料 结构优化 

分 类 号：TF086[冶金工程—冶金物理化学] TF521