论作为独立法学门类的经验法学  

On Taking Empirical Jurisprudence as an Independent Legal Branch

作　　者：胡玉鸿 Hu Yuhong

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学人权研究院,上海200042 [2]苏州大学公法研究中心,苏州215031

出　　处：《新文科教育研究》2025年第1期5-29,141,共26页NEW LIBERAL ARTS EDUCATION RESEARCH

基　　金：南京师范大学中国法治现代化研究院资助;教育部哲学社会科学研究重大专项“习近平法治思想与中国特色法学学科体系、学术体系、话语体系创新研究”(编号:2022JZDZ003)阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：法学界有关理论法学与应用法学的二元划分,使总结人类法律经验的诸多学科无存身之地,事实上在理论法学与应用法学之外,还有经验法学的存在。人类对于法律的认知,必定有一个由实践到经验再到理论的发展历程,对法律上经验的总结也是法学固有的学术传统,同时经验法学范畴的确立也有助于法学的合理分科。经验法学主要包括法人类学、法律史学、法社会学、比较法学等学科,分别从人类适应法律的一般经验、法律制度思想观念的历史经验、法律在现实生活中运用的经验以及法系上不同区域法律制度的经验来呈现多元化的经验维度,这既是对人类社会生活和法律实践经验的总结,又是催生法学理论和法学原理进化与革新的动力。经验法学的确立,有利于厘清三大法学门类各自的研究任务,凸显了实证分析、社会观察、历史考察、比较研究等方法与路径在法学研究中的重要作用,能为中国自主法学知识体系的建构提供最为适切的入口。The traditional dichotomy between theoretical jurisprudence and applied jurisprudence has marginalized disciplines dedicated to synthesizing legal experiences.Yet beyond this binary framework,empirical jurisprudence emerges as a third pillar.Human understanding of law evolves not linearly but cyclically,progressing from practical engagement to theoretical refinement—a process deeply rooted in the scholarly tradition of distilling legal experiences.Recognizing empirical jurisprudence as a distinct category not only rationalizes the division of jurisprudence but also addresses gaps in existing scholarship.Empirical jurisprudence integrates four core fields:legal anthropology,legal history,law and society,and comparative law.Each contributes unique empirical insights:legal anthropology explores universal patterns of human adaptation to legal norms;legal history traces the evolution of legal systems and ideologies;law and society investigates how law operates in real-world contexts;and comparative law examines cross-regional legal traditions.Together,these fields synthesize the lived experiences of legal practices,serving as both a repository of societal knowledge and a catalyst for innovation in legal theory.By delineating the boundaries of the three major legal branches,empirical jurisprudence underscores the indispensable role of empirical analysis,social observation,historical methodologies,and comparative research in legal research.This approach not only enriches academic discourse but also provides a robust foundation for building China’s autonomous legal knowledge system.

关 键 词：经验法学 法人类学 法律史学 法社会学 比较法学 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]