基于二向偏振分布函数修正的机场地物材质可见光偏振特性研究  

Visible polarization characteristics of airport ground material based on BPDF correction

作　　者：邹宏扬 战俊彤[1] 李文君 张肃[1] 付强[1] 段锦[2] 李英超[1] 刘宏宇 ZOU Hong-yang;ZHAN Jun-tong;LI Wen-jun;ZHANG Su;FU Qiang;DUAN Jin;LI Ying-chao;LIU Hong-yu(National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Space Optoelectronics Technology,Jilin Key Laboratory of Space Optoelectronics Technology,Changchun University of Science and Technology,Changchun 130022,China;College of Electronic Information Engineering,Changchun University of Science and Technology,Changchun 130022,China;Suzhou City University,Suzhou 251311,China)

机构地区：[1]长春理工大学吉林省空间光电技术重点实验室,空间光电技术国家与地方联合工程研究中心,吉林长春130022 [2]长春理工大学电子信息工程学院,吉林长春130022 [3]苏州城市学院,江苏苏州251311

出　　处：《中国光学(中英文)》2025年第2期343-358,共16页Chinese Optics

基　　金：吉林省科技发展计划(No.20240101342JC);吉林省科技厅项目(No.0230203029SF);国家自然科学基金项目(No.62127813);北京空间机电研究所院士工作站基金(No.23-11-131-W)。

摘　　要：为研究典型机场地物材质的偏振特性,并为偏振成像仪器研制提供所需的理论模型,本文以P-G模型为基础,构建新的二向偏振分布函数(BPDF)模型。本文分析了当大角度光线入射时阴影遮蔽效应更严重的问题,创新性地提出将镜面反射点等效为三维球体的解决方案,并利用球面三角学公式对阴影遮蔽函数进行优化。同时,考虑到不同目标具有独特的色散特征,本研究引入色散模型代替受波长影响的传统二向反射分布函数(BRDF)参量,综合考虑漫反射、体散射,构建了新的BPDR模型。通过多角度BRDF实验,与基于动态TS算法的模型参量拟合,得到典型机场地物材质的线偏振度与模型六参量拟合结果。经过多组测试取均值,得到拟合参量中均方根粗糙度参量的测试值,验证了修正BPDF模型的有效性。在仿真分析阶段,以均方根误差(RMSE)作为精度评价指标,将修正BPDF模型、对照模型、实验结果三者进行对比,系统分析了探测角、方位角、入射角对偏振特性的影响。结果显示:4种实验目标在探测角变化时,修正模型的精度较对照模型分别提升了4.39%、4.00%、4.17%、5.26%,且在大探测角下的RMSE仍小于0.05,充分证明修正后模型可用于机场地物目标等粗糙材质的偏振特性研究。此外,通过仿真分析拟合参量对目标偏振特性的影响,发现线偏振度与折射率呈正比关系,而与表面粗糙程度呈反比关系。实验和仿真证明了修正BPDF模型的准确性,为机场地物目标的偏振特性研究提供了思路。This paper provides a theoretical model for studying typical airport ground materials’polarization characteristics which is required for the development of polarization imaging instruments.First,serious shadow masking effects were analyzed based on the P-G model.These effects occur when light is incident at a large angle.Then,the shadow masking function was optimized using the spherical trigonometry formula.This optimization equates the specular reflection point to a three-dimensional sphere.Due to the unique dispersion characteristics of different targets,a new bidirectional polarization distribution function(BPDF)model was introduced to replace the traditional BRDF parameter affected by wavelength and body scattering.The new BPDF model integrates diffuse reflection and body scattering.In the experimental stage,the accuracy of the line polarization degree was calibrated.The line polarization degree of typical airport ground material was fitted with model parameters.This fitting was based on the dynamic TS algorithm through multi-angle BRDF experiments.The fitting model's six parameters were used to obtain the root mean square roughness parameter.This process verified the validity of the modified BPDF model.In the simulation stage,the root mean square error(RMSE)was used as the accuracy index.The modified BPDF model,control model,and experimental results were compared to analyze the effects of detection,azimuth,and incidence angles on polarization characteristics.The accuracies of the four experimental targets improved by 4.39%,4.00%,4.17%,and 5.26%compared with the control model.The RMSE was less than 0.05 for large detection angles.This allows the modified model to study polarization characteristics of rough materials like airport ground targets.Finally,the effect of fitting parameters on polarization characteristics was simulated.Results show that line polarization is positively related to the refractive index and inversely related to the surface roughness.The accuracy of the modified BPDF model is thus prov

关 键 词：偏振特性 镜面反射 色散 遮蔽效应 二向偏振分布函数(BPDF) 

分 类 号：O436.3[机械工程—光学工程]