数据缺失情况下的原子钟频率稳定度评估方法  

Evaluation Method for Atomic Clock Frequency Stability in the Presence of Missing Data

作　　者：雷雨 赵丹宁 乔海花 LEI Yu;ZHAO Danning;QIAO Haihua(School of Computer Science and Technology,Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications,618 West-Chang’an Street,Xi’an 710121,China;School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Baoji University of Arts and Sciences,44 Baoguang Road,Baoji 721016,China;National Time Service Center,CAS,3 East-Shuyuan Road,Xi’an 710600,China)

机构地区：[1]西安邮电大学计算机学院,西安市710121 [2]宝鸡文理学院电子电气工程学院,陕西省宝鸡市721016 [3]中国科学院国家授时中心,西安市710600

出　　处：《大地测量与地球动力学》2025年第4期344-350,共7页Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(11503031);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划(2023-JC-YB-057);中国科学院青年创新促进会项目。

摘　　要：针对数据间断和无数据段时原子钟的频率稳定度评估问题,给出补零、线性模型拟合和重采样3种缺失数据处理方法,并提出计算重叠哈达玛方差的直接计算法,然后基于钟差仿真数据对比分析不同处理方法对计算频率稳定度的影响。结果表明,当数据缺失率分别低于1%、10%和20%时,补零、线性模型拟合和重采样法计算的稳定度与真实稳定度比较接近,补零和线性模型拟合法仅适用于缺失数据量较少的情况,而重采样法比前两者具有更好的适用性;直接计算法在数据缺失率达到50%时仍能准确评估稳定度,在缺失数据量较多的情况下可利用原始数据直接进行稳定度评估。最后,对存在钟差数据缺失的BDS-3星载原子钟的频率稳定度进行评估,结果表明,星载铷钟、氢钟的平均万秒稳和日稳分别优于2.12×10^(-14)和2.15×10^(-15),与GPSⅢA铷钟和Galileo氢钟基本处于同一水平。Three missing data processing methods,namely zero padding,linear model fitting,and resampling,were proposed to evaluate the frequency stability of atomic clocks in presence of data interruption and date gap.A direct calculation method for calculating overlapping Hadamard variance was also proposed.Based on clock error simulation data,the influence of different processing methods on frequency stability calculation was compared and analyzed.The results show that when the data missing rates are below 1%,10%,and 20%,the stability calculated by zero padding,linear model fitting,and resampling methods is relatively close to the true stability.Zero padding and linear model fitting methods are only suitable for situations with less missing data,while resampling methods have better applicability than the first two methods.Furthermore,the direct calculation method can accurately evaluate stability even when the data missing rate reaches 50%.In cases where there is a large amount of missing data,the original data can be directly used for stability evaluation.Finally,the frequency stability of the BDS-3 on-board clock with missing clock bias data was evaluated.It is shown that the stability of the rubidium clock and hydrogen clock were better than 2.12×10^(-14)and 2.15×10^(-15)at the sampling time of 10000 seconds and one day,respectively,and was generally at the same level as GPSⅢA rubidium clocks and Galileo hydrogen clocks.

关 键 词：原子钟 频率稳定度 数据缺失 数据填补 重叠哈达玛方差 

分 类 号：P228[天文地球—大地测量学与测量工程]