四川广汉市三星堆遗址祭祀区三至八号坑发现的丝绸残留物  

The Silk Remnants from Pits K3 to K8 in the Sacrificial Area at the Sanxingdui Site,Guanghan City,Sichuan

作　　者：雷雨[1,2] 江聪(摄影) 郭建波(摄影/绘图/执笔)[1,2,3] 蔡秋彤 郑芦[1,2,3] 肖庆 王冲 谢振斌 周旸 

机构地区：[1]四川省文物考古研究院(三星堆研究院) [2]中国丝绸博物馆 [3]三星堆博物馆

出　　处：《四川文物》2025年第1期46-59,87,共15页Sichuan Cultural Relics

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“考古有机残留物生物来源精细鉴别关键技术与应用”(项目编号:2022YFF0903800);国家社会科学基金重点项目“三星堆祭祀区资料整理与研究”(项目编号:22AKG006);四川省科技计划重点研发项目“考古出土脆弱文物保护关键技术与应用示范”(项目编号:2022YFS0558)。

摘　　要：三星堆遗址祭祀区三至八号坑出土的青铜大面具、人头像等55件器物表面有多处丝绸残留,初步判断均为平纹组织,其中还包括平纹斜编技法。该发现填补了殷商时期巴蜀地区丝绸考古的空白,揭示了三星堆文化时期纺织手工业发展概况和丝绸纺织技术,为深入研究和阐释三星堆文化提供了宝贵、详实的丝绸考古资料。三星堆遗址是目前发现商及以前丝绸残留最多的遗址之一,呈现面积大、点位多、种类丰富的特点。Between late 2019 and early 2020,Pits K3 to K8 were successively discovered within the sacrificial area of the Sanxingdui site.To extract historical information with scientific precision and thoroughness,a new round of archaeological excavations was carried out,accompanied by targeted excavation and artifact conservation plans for different materials and artifact types.Among these,the textile conservation plan emerged as a key focus.Utilizing tools such as stereomicroscopes and the VHX-7000 digital microscope,researchers conducted surface observations and analyses of artifacts unearthed from Pits K3 to K8.Silk remnants were identified on 55 artifacts,including 48 bronze items,4 jade objects,2 gold artifacts,and 1 ivory piece.Preliminary analysis revealed that the textiles were primarily plain weave,with some employing the plain oblique plaiting technique.The silk remnants were mostly concentrated on the undersides of bronze artifacts,with only one turtle-shaped grid artifact(K7QW-T-250)exhibiting silk traces on both its upper and lower surfaces.Spatial analysis showed that silk in Pit K3 was mainly buried in the central-southern area of the pit floor,spanning approximately 20cm vertically,while in Pit K7,it was concentrated in the northeastern section,with a vertical range of about 10cm.This discovery fills a significant gap in the archaeological record of silk production in the Ba-Shu region during the Shang Dynasty.It provides valuable insights into the textile craftsmanship and silkweaving technology of the Sanxingdui cultural period,offering essential material evidence for further research and interpretation of Sanxingdui culture.The Sanxingdui site stands out as one of the richest sources of silk remnants dating to the Shang period and earlier,characterized by the extensive quantity,wide distribution,and diverse types of silk preserved.

关 键 词：三星堆遗址 祭祀区 丝绸 

分 类 号：K87[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]