莒侯少子簋与莒国灭亡问题新探  

New Perspective on the Ju Hou Shaozi Gui and the Fall of Ju State

作　　者：鄢国盛 Yan Guosheng

机构地区：[1]辽宁师范大学历史文化学院

出　　处：《四川文物》2025年第1期88-96,共9页Sichuan Cultural Relics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金冷门绝学研究专项学术团队项目“辽海地区夏商周时期石构墓葬和青铜器视域下的多元文化互动研究”(项目编号:21VJXT009)。

摘　　要：关于莒国的灭亡,蒙文通曾考证其在战国中期为齐所灭,学者多不采信,仍坚持《史记》战国早期楚简王灭莒之说。莒侯少子簋是现存少有的几件莒国铜器,无论器形还是铭文字体、内容皆与陈侯午簋相似,时代当属战国中期。“莒侯”之称是东夷莒君僭用中原诸侯的称号。战国早期莒是小国,依附于晋、越两国,长期与齐对抗以求自存,随着晋、越对齐作战取得关键性胜利,三晋向周天子邀功列为诸侯(前403年),莒才效仿三晋僭号称侯。此后不久,三晋失和,越国南徙,齐威王复兴,莒失去依靠,为齐所灭,时间在齐威王九年至十四年间(前348—前343年),故蒙氏之说更为可信。Regarding the demise of the State of Ju,Meng Wentong once hypothesized that it was conquered by Qi in the mid-Warring States period.Many scholars do not accept this view and still adhere to the early Warring States period account in Shi Ji,which states that King Jian of Chu conquered Ju.The Ju Hou Shaozi Gui,one of the few existing bronze vessels from Ju,resembles the Chen Hou Wu Gui in both shape and inscription style and content,placing it in the mid-Warring States period.The title"Ju Hou"(Marquis of Ju)was adopted by the Dong Yi Ju ruler imitating the titles of Central Plains feudal lords.Early in the Warring States period,Ju was a small state dependent on Jin and Yue,engaging in long-term confrontation with Qi for survival.Following crucial victories of Jin and Yue against Qi and their recognition by the Zhou Dynasty as feudal lords(403 BCE),Ju followed suit and assumed the title of"Hou".Shortly thereafter,following the domestic unrest in Jin,the southward relocation of Yue,and the revival of Qi under King Wei's reign,Ju lost the external support,and was subsequently conquered by Qi,sometime between the ninth and fourteenth years of King Wei's reign(348 BCE-343 BCE).The theory put forth by Meng Wentong is considered more credible.

关 键 词：莒侯少子簋 莒国 战国 

分 类 号：K87[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]