天麻不同种质资源自交及其杂交后代果实和种苗农艺性状分析  

Analysis of fruit and seedling agronomic characters of different germplasm resources and self-pollinated and hybrid offsprings of Gastrodia elata

作　　者：朱怀静 张冰冰 刘樊 刘大会 李晓华 ZHU Huaijing;ZHANG Bingbing;LIU Fan;LIU Dahui;LI Xiaohua(School of Pharmacy,Hubei University of Chinese Medicine,Wuhan 430065,Hubei,China;Hubei Shizhen Laboratory,Wuhan 430065,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北中医药大学药学院,湖北武汉430065 [2]湖北时珍实验室,湖北武汉430065

出　　处：《生物资源》2025年第1期49-59,共11页Biotic Resources

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2023YFC3503804);湖北省支持种业高质量发展资金项目(HBZY2023B00503);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-21);湖北省自然科学基金计划联合基金项目(2024AFD234);湖北中医药大学博士教师科研启动经费(2023ZXB010)。

摘　　要：对12份天麻种质进行自交和杂交实验,分析F0代、自交及杂交F1代的种子和白麻性状。结果显示,不同天麻种质表现出的性状差异明显,麻型上,红天麻的长宽比为1.94~2.50,麻型偏细长,而乌天麻长宽比1.82~2.07,麻型偏短粗;抽薹时间上,乌天麻最早,红天麻次之,不同种质的抽薹速度都符合Logistics生长曲线;云南昭通血天麻花茎最长且较粗,而果荚数量居中下水平,湖北宜昌红天麻花茎相对较短,而果荚数量最多;以乌天麻变型为母本、安徽红天麻为父本的杂交F1代果荚颜色更偏向父本,以血天麻变型为母本、安徽红天麻为父本的杂交F1代颜色更偏向母本,杂交F1代种子性状呈现遗传母本的规律;云南禄劝血天麻为母本的杂交F1代种子活力达到了98%以上;不同来源乌、绿和血天麻为母本的杂交F1代白麻形状靠近父本安徽红天麻的细长条型,不同来源红天麻为母本的杂交F1代白麻形状都靠近父本云南昭通乌天麻的圆润饱满。以安徽红天麻为母本、云南昭通乌天麻为父本的杂交F1代种子性状表现出显著优势,云南禄劝血天麻为母本、安徽红天麻为父本杂交F1代种子活力最高;四川红天麻为母本、云南昭通乌天麻为父本杂交F1代白麻相对于自交白麻形态更显圆润饱满。Self⁃pollination and hybridization experiments were conducted on 12 germplasm resources of G.elata.The traits of the F0 generation,as well as those of the self⁃pollinated and hybrid F1 generations,were analyzed.The results showed that the 12 germplasms of G.elata exhibited obvious differences in traits.In terms of tuber type,Gastrodia elata Bl.f.elata type was slender,with the ratio of length to width ranging from 1.94 to 2.50,while Gastrodia elata Bl.f.glauca S.Chow type was short and thick,with the ratio ranging from 1.82 to 2.07.In terms of bolting time,Gastrodia elata Bl.f.glauca S.Chow bolted earliest,followed by Gastrodia elata Bl.f.elata.The bolting speed of these germplasms comfermed to the Logistics growth curve.The G.elata with blood⁃colored scape,which was original from Zhaotong,had the longest and thicker scape,while the number of fruit pods was below the medium level,Gastrodia elata Bl.f.elata from Yichang had a shorter scape and the largest number of fruit pods.The fruit pod color of the hybrid F1,with Gastrodia elata Bl.f.glauca S.Chow serving as female parent and Gastrodia elata Bl.f.elata from Anhui serving as male parent,was more inclined to the male parent.The color of hybrid F1,which used Gastrodia elata Bl.f.elata(blood⁃colored scape type)serving as female parent and Gastrodia elata Bl.f.elata from Anhui serving as male parent,was more inclined to the female parent,indicating that the traits of the seeds in the hybrid F1 showed the rule of inheritance from maternal parent.The seed vitality of hybrid F1,which used Gastrodia elata Bl.f.elata(blood⁃colored scape type)as female parent,reached more than 98%.The shape of hybrid F1 immature tuber of Gastrodia elata Bl.f.glauca S.Chow,Gastrodia elata Bl.f.viridis makino and Gastrodia elata Bl.f.elata(blood⁃colored scape type)from different origins,which serving as female parent,was close to the slender strip of the male parent Gastrodia elata Bl.f.elata from Anhui.The Gastrodia elata Bl.f.elata hybrid F1 from different origins,which servi

关 键 词：天麻 种质资源 农艺性状 自交 杂交 种子活力 

分 类 号：S334[农业科学—作物遗传育种]