5种胡蜂预蛹营养成分及部分生物活性物质分析  

Analysis of nutritional components and some bioactive substances of five species of wasp prepupae

作　　者：王迪 李静[1] 解道豪 李亚辉[1] 熊婷 杨志月 李志涛 黄国忠 李琦华[1] 杨明华[1] WANG Di;LI Jing;XIE Daohao;LI Yahui;XIONG Ting;YANG Zhiyue;LI Zhitao;HUANG Guozhong;LI Qihua;YANG Minghua(Faculty of Animal Science and Technology,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,Yunnan,China;Huang’s Bee Industry Co.,Ltd.,Longling County,Longling 678300,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学动物科学技术学院,云南昆明650201 [2]龙陵县黄氏蜂业有限公司,云南龙陵678300

出　　处：《生物资源》2025年第1期90-97,共8页Biotic Resources

基　　金：云南省龙陵县胡蜂产业科技特派团(202204BI090013)项目。

摘　　要：胡蜂是云南常见的高蛋白低脂肪食用昆虫之一,但不同种类胡蜂的营养成分和生物活性物质含量差异很大。从云南省保山市龙陵县收集了5种胡蜂预蛹时期的蜂蛹,包括凹纹胡蜂(Vespa velutina auraria Smith)、黑盾胡蜂(Vespa bicolor Fabricius)、大胡蜂(Vespa magnifica Smith)、黑尾胡蜂(Vespa ducalis Smith)和特有的夜食胡蜂(Provespa barthelemyi Buysson),测定蛋白质、氨基酸、脂肪酸等营养物质和部分生物活性物质。结果表明:新鲜胡蜂预蛹初水分含量在72.65%~73.58%,其中,黑盾胡蜂初水分含量最高,显著高于其余4种胡蜂(P<0.05);干物质中,脂肪含量范围为20.38%~25.45%,凹纹胡蜂脂肪含量显著高于其余4种胡蜂(P<0.05);蛋白质含量范围为48.18%~50.78%,黑盾胡蜂蛋白质含量最高,但5种胡蜂之间差异不显著(P>0.05);灰分含量范围为2.45%~2.83%,夜食胡蜂预蛹灰分含量最高,为2.83%,显著高于其余4种胡蜂(P<0.05);黄酮含量范围为15.99~24.34 mg/g,黑盾胡蜂黄酮含量为24.34 mg/g,显著高于其余4种胡蜂(P<0.05);几丁质含量范围为4.27%~6.56%,大胡蜂几丁质含量显著高于4种胡蜂(P<0.05)。5种胡蜂预蛹中,苏氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、丝氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、精氨酸含量和EAA/TAA值差异不显著(P>0.05),黑尾胡蜂和大胡蜂苯丙氨酸、赖氨酸、谷氨酸、EAA含量显著高于其余3种胡蜂(P<0.05),凹纹胡蜂TAA含量显著高于其余4种胡蜂(P<0.05),黑盾胡蜂鲜味氨基酸占比显著高于黑尾胡蜂(P<0.05)。脂肪酸中月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、棕榈油酸、油酸、亚油酸含量较高。脂肪酸含量黑尾胡蜂>凹纹胡蜂>大胡蜂>夜食胡蜂>黑盾胡蜂。含量较高的矿物质有K、P、Mg、Na、Ca,矿物质含量夜食胡蜂>黑尾胡蜂>黑盾胡蜂>凹纹胡蜂>大胡蜂。总体来看,黑尾胡蜂整体营养成分和部分生物活性物质含量相对较高。To clarify the nutritional composition and some bioactive substances of prepupae of Vespa velutina auraria Smith,Vespa bicolor Fabricius,Vespa magnifica Smith,Vespa ducalis Smith and Provespa barthelemyi Buysson from Yunnan,we collected prepupae of five wasp species from Longling County,Baoshan City,Yunnan Province to measure the nutrients such as proteins,amino acids,fatty acids,and some bioactive substances,so as to know the nutrient composition and the content of some bioactive substances of the prepupae of the wasp,then find their interspecific differences.The results showed that the initial moisture contents of fresh wasp prepupae range from 72.65%to 73.58%,among them,Vespa bicolor Fabricius has the highest initial moisture content,which is significantly higher than that of the other four wasp species(P<0.05).In terms of dry matter,the fat contents range from 20.38%to 25.45%,and the fat content of Vespa velutina auraria Smith is significantly higher than that of the other four wasp species(P<0.05).The protein contents rang from 48.18%to 50.78%,with Vespa bicolor Fabricius having the highest protein content,but the differences among the five species are not significant(P>0.05).The ash contents range from 2.45%to 2.83%,with Provespa barthelemyi Buysson having the highest value(2.83%),which is significantly higher than that of the other four species(P<0.05).The flavonoid contents range from 15.99 mg/g to 24.34 mg/g,and the flavonoid content of Vespa bicolor Fabricius is 24.34 mg/g,significantly higher than that of the other four species(P<0.05).The chitin contents range from 4.27%to 6.56%,and the chitin content of Vespa magnifica Smith is significantly higher than that of the other four species(P<0.05).The contents of threonine,serine,glycine,alanine,isoleucine,valine,and arginine of the prepupae of the five wasp species are not significantly different(P>0.05).The aspartic acid,valine and lysine contents of Vespa ducalis Smith are higher than those of the other four species,and its total amino acid content is s

关 键 词：胡蜂 营养成分 活性成分 氨基酸 脂肪酸 矿物质 

分 类 号：TS201.4[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]