高强度间歇训练对游泳运动员心肺功能影响的研究  

Study on the impact of high intensity interval training on cardiorespiratory function of swimmers

作　　者：于成龙 刘建军 YU Chenglong;LIU Jianjun(Liaoning Swimming Sports Management Center,Dalian 116000,Liaoning,China;Liaoning Sports Development Center,Shenyang 110179,Liaoning,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省游泳运动管理中心,辽宁大连116000 [2]辽宁省体育事业发展中心,辽宁沈阳110179

出　　处：《辽宁体育科技》2025年第2期135-140,共6页Liaoning Sport Science and Technology

摘　　要：目的:通过对比高强度间歇训练前后游泳运动员心肺功能指标的变化,分析高强度间歇训练(HIIT)对游泳运动员心肺功能的影响,为游泳运动员科学训练和运动成绩的提高提供参考。方法:选取18名身体健康无运动损伤且训练水平相近的青年男子游泳运动员作为研究对象,随机分为对照组和实验组,每组各9人。对照组进行日常训练不做任何训练干预,实验组在日常训练的基础上每周额外进行3次高强度间歇训练,共持续12周。分别在实验前后采用自行车递增负荷力竭运动和心肺功能测试仪测试所有运动员心肺功能指标,选取肺活量、每分通气量、最大通气量、呼吸频率和最大摄氧量作为肺功能指标,选取安静心率、最大心率和心率储备作为心功能指标,比较实验前后两组运动员心肺功能的变化情况。结果:经过12周的高强度间歇训练干预,实验组运动员的肺活量、每分通气量、最大通气量和最大摄氧量均有显著性提高(P<0.05),呼吸频率有显著性降低(P<0.05),并且与对照组实验后相比均有显著性差异(P<0.05);安静心率有显著性降低(P<0.05),最高心率和心率储备均有显著性提高(P<0.05),并且训练干预后与对照组相比均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:高强度间歇训练能够有效提高游泳运动员的心功能和肺功能。Objective:This study aims to analyze the impact of high-intensity interval training(HIIT)on the cardiopulmonary function of swimmers by comparing changes in their cardiopulmonary function indexes before and after HIIT.The goal is to provide insights for scientifically optimizing swimmers’training and enhancing their athletic performance.Methods:Eighteen healthy swimmers with similar training levels and no sports injuries were selected as research subjects and randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group,each consisting of 9 swimmers.The control group underwent regular daily training without any additional intervention,while the experimental group received three sessions per week of high intensity interval training on top of their daily routine for 12 weeks.All athletes’cardiopulmonary function indexes were assessed using cycling incremental load exhaustive exercise and a cardiopulmonary function tester before and after the experiment.Pulmonary capacity,minute ventilation,maximum volume,respiratory rate,maximal oxygen uptake,resting heart rate,maximum heart rate,and heart rate reserve were chosen as pulmonary and cardiac function indexes.Changes in cardiopulmonary function between the two groups before and after the experiment were compared.Results:following 12 weeks of high-intensity interval training intervention,significant increases(P<0.05)were observed in vital capacity,minute ventilation,maximum gas volume,maximal oxygen uptake among athletes in the experimental group;meanwhile respiratory rate significantly decreased(P<0.05).These differences also showed statistical significance when compared with those from the control group post-experiment(P<0.05).Additionally,resting heart rate significantly decreased(P<0.05),while maximum heart rate and heart rate reserve significantly increased(P<0.05)following the intervention period compared to those from the control group post-training(P<0.05).Conclusion:high intensity interval training can effectively enhance both cardiac and pulmonary functi

关 键 词：高强度间歇训练 游泳运动员 心功能 肺功能 

分 类 号：G861.1[文化科学—体育训练]