冲击波和破片联合作用下多层级复合防护结构设计与优化  

Design and Optimization of Multi⁃layer Composite Structure under Combined Loading of Shock Wave and Fragments

作　　者：周猛 梁民族[1] 陈荣[1] 林玉亮[1] 张玉武 ZHOU Meng;LIANG Min-zu;CHEN Rong;LIN Yu-liang;ZHANG Yu-wu(College of Science,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410073,China)

机构地区：[1]国防科技大学理学院,湖南长沙410073

出　　处：《含能材料》2025年第3期236-245,共10页Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(12272410)。

摘　　要：为高效防护弹药近场爆炸产生的冲击波和破片联合载荷,设计了包括抗侵彻层、协调支撑层和缓冲吸能层的多层级复合防护结构,建立了有限元分析模型并开展了近场爆炸试验进行验证。基于有限元仿真结果,构建了复合防护结构的响应面代理模型,并以复合防护结构的面密度和总厚度为优化目标,采用非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-II)分别对破片单独作用、冲击波单独作用以及两者联合作用下,复合防护结构的厚度配置进行了多目标优化,得到了Pareto最优解集。结果表明,相比于初始结构,破片单独作用下优化后复合防护结构的面密度最高可降低19.2%,厚度最高可降低10.0%;冲击波单独作用下复合防护结构的面密度最高可降低34.9%,厚度最高可降低27.5%;冲击波和破片联合作用下复合防护结构的面密度最高可降低19.2%,厚度最高可降低10.0%。对于限制厚度不超过40 mm的典型应用场景,优化后复合防护结构的面密度比初始构型降低约17.5%,总厚度降低约9.1%。同时观察到,破片单独作用和联合作用下得到的Pareto最优解集几乎相同,这表明加装复合防护结构后冲击波对破片后续作用的影响明显减弱,即复合防护结构有效抑制了冲击波和破片的联合作用效果。To effectively mitigate the combined impulsive and fragmentary loads exerted by near-field explosion,a multi-layer composite protective structure has been developed,incorporating an anti-penetration layer,a coordinated support layer,and a cushioning energy-absorption layer.A finite element analysis model was established and validated through near-field explosion experiment.Utilizing the outcomes of finite element simulations,a response surface approximation model for the composite protective structure was constructed.With the areal density and overall thickness of the composite protective structure as the optimization targets,a multi-objective optimization of the thickness distribution was conducted under the individual and combined effects of fragments and shock waves using the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II(NSGA-II).And the Pareto optimal solution set was obtained.The findings demonstrate that,in comparison to the initial design,the areal density of the optimized composite protective structure subjected to the individual action of fragments can be decreased by up to 19.2%,with a maximum thickness reduction of 10.0%.Under the individual action of shock waves,the areal density can be reduced by up to 34.9%,and the thickness by up to 27.5%.Under the combined action of shock waves and fragments,the areal density can be reduced by up to 19.2%,and the thickness by up to 10.0%.For application scenarios where the thickness is constrained to no more than 40 mm,the optimized composite protective structure exhibits an approximately 17.5%reduction in areal density and a 9.1%reduction in total thickness compared to the initial design.It was noted that the Pareto optimal solution sets obtained from the individual fragment action and the combined action are nearly identical,indicating that the composite protective structure significantly diminishes the influence of shock waves on the subsequent fragment impact,thereby effectively mitigating the com-bined effects of shock waves and fragments.

关 键 词：近场爆炸 破片 冲击波 复合防护结构 多目标优化 

分 类 号：TJ5[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] O383.3[理学—流体力学]