基于BDD电极的实际含能材料废水中氮转化电化学处理  

Using BDD Electrode for Electrochemical Treatment of Nitrogen in Real Energetic Material Wastewater

作　　者：尤家军 熊鹰[1,2] 王兵 汪建[3] YOU Jia-jun;XIONG Ying;WANG Bing;WANG Jian(School of Materials and Chemistry,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang 621010,China;State Key Laboratory for Environmental-friendly Energy Materials,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang 621010,China;College of Mathematics and Science,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang 621010,China)

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学材料与化学学院,四川绵阳621010 [2]西南科技大学环境友好能源材料国家重点实验室,四川绵阳621010 [3]西南科技大学数理学院,四川绵阳621010

出　　处：《含能材料》2025年第3期266-276,共11页Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials

基　　金：电磁驱动聚变靶材料四川省自然科学基金创新研究群体项目(2023NSFSC1990);国家自然科学基金(62374140)。

摘　　要：中试含能材料废水含各类高浓度含氮化合物(氨氮(NH_(3)─N)、亚硝酸盐(NO_(2)^(-))、硝酸盐(NO3-)等)和有机污染物,是一类极难降解的废水。为实现对含能材料废水中含氮化合物的高效、定向去除,采用热丝化学气相沉积(热丝化学气相沉积法(HFCVD))法制备的掺硼金刚石(BDD)电极对其进行电化学降解,重点研究了氯化钠和硫酸钠等电解质成分及浓度、修饰电极类型(如Cu/BDD、Ni/BD电极)及电解装置结构(单池、双池)对含氮化合物降解效果的影响。结果表明:在含能材料废水中添加0.1 M氯化钠电解质有助于提高NH3─N直接转化为氮气(N_(2))的选择性;采用Cu/BDD、Ni/BDD阴极可加速高价氮向NH_(3)─N的转化过程;双电解池结构体系下,以Cu/BDD、Ni/BDD电极为阳极可以提高NH3─N转化为N_(2)的降解速率。因此,采用金属修饰BDD电极为阳极的双电解池结构在添加0.1 M NaCl电解质情况下有望对宏量含能材料废水进行快速、高效、高选择性降解。The pilot-scale energetic material wastewater is a kind of wastewater which is extremely difficult to degrade,containing high concentrations of various nitrogen-containing compounds,such as ammonia nitrogen(NH_(3)─N),nitrite(NO_(2)^(-)),nitrate(NO_(3)^(-)),and other organic pollutants.To realize the efficient and directional removal of these nitrogen-containing com-pounds,boron-doped diamond(BDD)electrodes were prepared by the hot-filament chemical vapor deposition(HFCVD)method and utilized to degrade the wastewater.The effects of electrolyte composition and concentration,modified electrode type,and electrolysis device structure on the degradation efficiency were investigated.It demonstrated that adding 0.1 M sodium chloride(NaCl)electrolyte to energetic material wastewater could improve the selectivity of NH_(3)─N direct conversion to nitrogen(N_(2)).Using Cu/BDD and Ni/BDD cathodes accelerate the conversion process of high-valent nitrogen to NH3─N.Under the dual electrolysis cell structure system,employing Cu/BDD and Ni/BDD electrodes as anodes improve the degradation rate of NH_(3)─N conversion to N2.Therefore,the approach utilizes metal-modified BDD electrodes as anodes,is expected to be a highly effective method in the rapid and selective degradation of energy material wastewater,especially when using 0.1 M NaCl as electrolyte.

关 键 词：掺硼金刚石(BDD)电极 含能材料废水 电化学 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]