沉湖底栖动物群落结构及其与表层沉积物营养盐的关系  

Community Structure of Macrozoobenthos with Relationships to Nutrients in the Surface Sediment of Chen Lake

作　　者：邓平 罗杨志[3] 何弯弯 朱泽亮 胡少迪 姚秀荣 艾桃山 张生元 DENG Ping;LUO Yangzhi;HE Wanwan;ZHU Zeliang;HU Shaodi;YAO Xiurong;AI Taoshan;ZHANG Shengyuan(Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan,Hubei 430072,China;Wuhan Chopper Fishery Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan,Hubei 430072,China;Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan,Hubei 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉市农业科学院,湖北武汉430072 [2]武汉中博水产生物技术有限公司,湖北武汉430072 [3]华中农业大学,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《环境监控与预警》2025年第2期15-21,共7页Environmental Monitoring and Forewarning

基　　金：湖北省生态环境厅项目(2021HB-11);武汉市农业科学院项目(XTCX202203、CGZH202201-3);网湖水域生态净水渔业治理水质项目。

摘　　要：为了解沉湖底栖动物群落的状况,于2022—2023年对武汉市沉湖底栖动物和表层沉积物营养盐含量进行了4次季节性调查,探讨了它们之间的关系,并对底层沉积物的环境质量进行了评价。调查期间共鉴定出底栖动物2门3纲14种,霍甫水丝蚓(Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri)、长跗摇蚊(Tanytarsus sp.)、羽摇蚊幼虫(Chironomus plumosus)、刺铗长足摇蚊(Tanypus punctipennis)、前突摇蚊(Procladius sp.)为优势种。底栖动物密度、生物量及其香农-维纳(Shannon-Wiener)多样性指数(H′)、Margalef指数(D)表现出明显的季节差异(P<0.05)。沉湖表层沉积物中总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、有机质(OM)的质量分数平均值分别为2.96,0.94,64.00 mg/g,沉积物TN和TP呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。在不同的采样点位中,H′、皮耶罗(Pielou)均匀度指数(J)和D这3种多样性指数与TN、TP差异明显(P<0.05)。相关分析结果显示,多样性指数(H′和D)与OM呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。利用多样性指数(H′和D)、生物学污染指数(BPI)、有机污染指数(OI)和污染指数(PI)等对沉湖表层沉积物现状进行评价,结果表明,该湖处于中—重度污染状态。沉湖底栖动物以寡毛类和水生昆虫(摇蚊类)占优势的结构特征与该湖沉积物有机质含量较高有关。To evaluate the status of macrozoobenthos community in Chen Lake,four seasonal surveys were conducted to explore the relationships between the nutrient content of surface sediments and macrozoobenthos,and to assess the environmental quality of the sediments in 2022—2023.A total of 14 macrozoobenthos species from 2 classes and 3 orders were identified,among which Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri,Tanytarsus sp.,Chironomus plumosus,Tanypus punctipennis,and Procladius sp.were the dominant species during the survey period.There were significant seasonal differences in macrozoobenthos density,biomass,Shannon index,and Margalef index(P<0.05).The average mass fractions of total nitrogen(TN),total phosphorus(TP),and organic matter(OM) in the surface sediments of Chen Lake were 2.96,0.94,and 64 mg/g,respectively.There was a significant positive correlation between the sediment TN and TP(P<0.05).The multivariate analyses indicated that the Shannon index,Pielou index,Margalef index,sediment TN,and TP had significant spatial differences(P<0.05).The correlation analysis showed that the Shannon index and Margalef index were significantly negatively correlated with OM(P<0.05).The environmental quality of the surface sediments in Chen Lake was evaluated using the Shannon index,Margalef index,BPI relative importance index,organic pollution index(OI),and pollution index(PI).Chen Lake was found to be in a moderate to severe pollution state.Chen Lake was characterized by a predominance of oligochaetes and aquatic insects(Chironomus),which may be related to the high organic matter content of surface sediments.

关 键 词：沉湖 底栖动物 群落结构 沉积物营养盐 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]