丰水期东洞庭湖及长江湖南段总磷分布与通量调查分析  

Investigation and Analysis of Total Phosphorus Distribution and Contribution in Dongting Lake and the Hunan Section of the Yangtze River during the Flood Season

作　　者：何海军 宋冰冰 吴文晖 肖金 毕军平 李濠 周含英 全继平 郭晶 HE Haijun;SONG Bingbing;WU Wenhui;XIAO Jin;BI Junping;LI Hao;ZHOU Hanying;QUAN Jiping;GUO Jing(Hunan Ecological Environmental Monitoring Center,Changsha,Hunan 410019,China;Key Laboratory of Monitoring for Heavy Metal Pollutants,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Changsha,Hunan 410019,China;Changsha Environmental Protection Vocational and Technical College,Changsha,Hunan 410004,China;Lihe Technology(Hunan)Co.,Ltd.,Changsha,Hunan 410000,China;Dongting Lake Eco-Environment Monitoring Centre,Yueyang,Hunan 414000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省生态环境监测中心,湖南长沙410019 [2]生态环境部重金属污染监测重点实验室,湖南长沙410019 [3]长沙环境保护职业技术学院,湖南长沙410004 [4]力合科技(湖南)股份有限公司,湖南长沙410000 [5]湖南省洞庭湖生态环境监测中心,湖南岳阳414000

出　　处：《环境监控与预警》2025年第2期98-104,共7页Environmental Monitoring and Forewarning

基　　金：湖南省科技创新计划项目(2023SK2062);湖南省环保科研课题(HBKT-2021026);2024年湖南省生态环境监测中心科研课题重点项目。

摘　　要：总磷(TP)作为长江经济带地表水的首要污染物,一直备受关注,开展东洞庭湖及长江湖南段TP分布与通量调查具有重要的意义。于2021年8月选择在更具有代表性的丰水期,针对洞庭湖入湖河流及出湖口、湖体核心区和长江湖南段,开展了东洞庭湖及长江湖南段TP分布与通量变化情况的专项调查与分析。结果表明,入湖河流中TP通量对东洞庭湖TP增量贡献大小依次是:草尾河>蒿竹河>藕池河>湘江>汨罗江>黄花滩河;洞庭湖汇入长江的水体中ρ(TP)低于长江干流上游来水,洞庭湖对长江干流ρ(TP)有一定稀释作用。针对湖区水产养殖尾水处理难、化肥农药流失严重、农村环保基础设施运行困难等问题,提出了应加快实施《洞庭湖总磷污染控制与削减攻坚行动计划(2022—2025年)》,加强面源污染源头监控与治理,加大科技攻关力度等建议。研究结果为洞庭湖TP削减攻坚工作指明了方向,为深入打好污染防治攻坚战提供了技术支撑和重要参考,也为洞庭湖流域水环境监控与预警工作奠定了基础。Total phosphorus(TP),as the primary pollutant in surface waters of the Yangtze River Economic Belt,has been a matter of great concern.Conducting investigations on the distribution and flux of TP in the East Dongting Lake and the Hunan section of the Yangtze River is of significant importance.In August 2021,a special investigation and analysis were conducted on the distribution and flux changes of TP in Dongting Lake and the Hunan section of the Yangtze River,focusing on the inflow and outflow of rivers in Dongting Lake,the core area of the lake,and the Hunan section of the Yangtze River during a more representative wet season.The results showed that the contribution of TP flux of the rivers entering the lake to the TP increment in East Dongting Lake was in the following order:Caowei River > Haozhu River > Ouchi River > Xiangjiang River > Miluo River > Huanghuatan River.During this period,the TP concentration of the water flowing into the Yangtze River from Dongting Lake was lower than that of the upstream of the main stream of the Yangtze River,indicating that Dongting Lake has a certain diluting effect on the TP concentration in the main stream of the Yangtze River.The study clarifies the changes in the distribution and flux of TP in the East Dongting Lake and the Hunan section of the Yangtze River during the high-water period.It also analyzes the contribution of the river inflow flux to the pollution load of Dongting Lake and the impact of Dongting Lake's outflow on the Yangtze River.Furthermore,Suggestions were put forward to accelerate the implementation of the “Action Plan for Total Phosphorus Pollution Control and Reduction in Dongting Lake(2022—2025)”,strengthen the monitoring and control of non-point source pollution sources,and increase scientific and technological research efforts,in response to the difficulties in treating the effluent from aquaculture in the lake area,severe loss of fertilizers and pesticides,and difficulties in operating rural environmental protection infrastructure.The researc

关 键 词：洞庭湖 长江湖南段 总磷 通量 调查分析 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]