全血献血不良反应3190例特征分析  

Characteristic analysis of 3 190 cases of adverse reactions in whole blood donation

作　　者：陈虹任 王丽娜 白玉 李婷婷[1] 彭楷[1] CHEN Hongren;WANG Lina;BAI Yu;LI Tingting;PENG Kai(Blood Donation Service Four Departments of Chongqing Blood Center,Chongqing 400021,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市血液中心献血服务四科,重庆400021

出　　处：《现代医药卫生》2025年第3期608-611,共4页Journal of Modern Medicine & Health

基　　金：重庆输血协会华兰生物基金项目(CQSX-HL-202507);重庆市九龙坡区科技局项目(2022-03-007-2);重庆市血液中心苗圃计划项目(2023MPJH02,2023MPJH15)。

摘　　要：目的 探讨发生献血不良反应(ADR)献血者的生理、心理等特征,并提出预防措施。方法 回顾性分析2022年1月1日至2023年12月31日在该中心捐献全血后出现ADR的3 190例献血者的相关资料,分析其生理、心理等特征。结果 267 001名献血者中发生ADR 3 190例,ADR发生率为1.2%。年龄越小ADR发生率越高,体重较轻(<65 kg)者ADR发生率高于体重高(≥65 kg)者,初次献血者ADR发生率高于再次献血者。心理因素中的紧张诱发ADR发生率最高,晕针/晕血等生理因素次之,最低为环境因素。结论 针对年龄低、血容量较低的初次献血者应给予特殊的关爱。通过有效心理疏导、健康宣教、增加献血知识普及、加强征询规避献血前生理性不利因素,献血前请献血者补充水分、维持良好的献血环境等手段预防ADR的发生。Objective To explore the physiological and psychological characteristics of blood donors who experience adverse reactions(ADR)during blood donation,and propose preventive measures.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the relevant data of 3190 blood donors who developed ADRs after donating whole blood at a certain blood center from January 1,2022 to December 31,2023,and their physiological and psychological characteristics were analyzed.Results A total of 267001 blood donors,3190 developed ADR,with an ADR incidence rate of 1.2%.The younger the age,the higher the incidence of ADR.The incidence of ADR was higher in lighter weight individuals(<65 kg)than in taller weight individuals(≥65 kg),and the incidence of ADR was higher in first-time blood donors than in repeat blood donors.Psychological factors such as tension had the highest incidence of ADR,followed by physiological factors such as fainting from needles/blood due to individual differences,and then by environmental factors related to blood donation.Conclusion Special care should be given to first-time blood donors with low age and blood volume.By effective psychological counseling,health education,increasing the popularization of blood donation knowledge,strengthening consultation to avoid adverse factors of pre blood donation rationality,asking blood donors to replenish water before blood donation,and maintaining a good blood donation environment,the occurrence of ADR can be prevented.

关 键 词：献血不良反应 年龄 体重 心理疏导 献血知识普及 

分 类 号：R193.3[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]