重庆市生态系统格局特征及其变化分析  

Analysis on the Characteristics and Changes of Ecological System Pattern in Chongqing City

作　　者：陶培峰 杨光谱 袁月 刘建 蒲艺 肖禾 Tao Peifeng;Yang Guangpu;Yuan Yue;Liu Jian;Pu Yi;Xiao He(Chongqing Geomatics and Remote Sensing Application Center,Chongqing 401147,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市地理信息和遥感应用中心,重庆401147

出　　处：《国土与自然资源研究》2025年第3期44-48,共5页Territory & Natural Resources Study

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42001269)。

摘　　要：为揭示重庆市生态系统格局和变化特征,本文对2020年重庆市生态系统结构、空间分布、景观格局特征,以及2015-2020年生态系统时空变化进行了分析。结果表明,(1)重庆市以自然生态系统为主,森林、灌丛生态系统为主要类型,分别占比40.1%和15.9%;人工生态系统以农田、城镇生态系统为主,分别占比28.3%和9.2%。(2)生态系统分布呈现典型的垂直分异,山地地貌是生态系统类型分布的主要区域,各类生态系统在不同海拔区间分布具有明显集聚特征。(3)大巴山、巫山-七曜山等海拔相对较高的山区,以及渝西方山丘陵区、中部平行岭谷区景观破碎化程度低,格局相对完整;环中心城区、万开云等地区人类干扰强度大,景观破碎程度高。(4)2015-2020年,除城镇生态系统外,其余生态系统面积均有所减少,其中农田和森林生态系统减少的面积超过半数转化为城镇生态系统,湿地和其他生态系统面积相对稳定。In order to reveal the ecological system pattern and change characteristics of Chongqing,this article analyzes the ecological system structure,spatial distribution,landscape pattern characteristics of Chongqing in 2020,as well as the spatiotemporal changes of the ecological system from 2015 to 2020.The results indicate that,(1)Chongqing is mainly composed of natural ecosystems,with forest and shrub ecosystems as the main types,accounting for 40.1%and 15.9%respectively;artificial ecosystems are mainly composed of farmland and urban ecosystems,accounting for 28.3%and 9.2%respectively.(2)The distribution of ecosystems presents a typical vertical differentiation,with mountainous landforms being the main area for the distribution of ecosystem types.The distribution of various ecosystems at different altitudes has obvious clustering characteristics.(3)The relatively high altitude mountainous areas such as Daba Mountain,Wushan Mountain and Qiyao Mountain,as well as the western mountainous and hilly areas and the central parallel mountain valley areas of Chongqing,have low degree of landscape fragmentation and relatively complete patterns;the intensity of human interference is high in areas such as the central urban area and WanZhou-KaiZhou-YunYang, and the degree of landscape fragmentation is high. (4) From 2015 to 2020, except for urban ecosystems, the area of other ecosystems decreased, with over half of the reduced area of farmland and forest ecosystems being converted into urban ecosystems, while the area of wetlands and other ecosystems remained relatively stable.

关 键 词：生态系统 空间结构 景观格局 重庆市 

分 类 号：X37[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X17