高速锡液滴撞击不锈钢表面的动态铺展行为及飞溅现象研究  

Study on the Dynamic Spreading Behavior and Splashing Phenomena of High-Speed Tin Droplets Impacting Stainless Steel Surfaces

作　　者：杨保卿 俞伟元[1,2] 王锡武山 YANG Baoqing;YU Weiyuan;WANG Xiwushan(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China;State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metal,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州理工大学材料科学与工程学院,兰州730050 [2]兰州理工大学省部共建有色金属先进加工与再利用国家重点实验室,兰州730050

出　　处：《有色金属(中英文)》2025年第2期187-197,共11页Nonferrous Metals

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52061023)。

摘　　要：通过数值模拟探索了高速液滴在撞击固体表面后的动态铺展行为,并分析了撞击速度和表面温度对其影响。首先,引入了新的无量纲铺展面积指标以弥补传统铺展因子的不足,观察到液滴撞击后产生的飞溅和液膜破裂现象。利用CLSVOF法建立数值模型,验证了模型的网格无关性和结果可靠性,发现熔滴形貌变化和铺展因子变化与实验结果基本吻合。结果显示,撞击速度是主要的影响因素之一,高速撞击导致铺展时间缩短和飞溅现象增加。对于相同大小的锡熔滴,初速度越大,动态铺展时间越短,飞溅现象越明显,最终无量纲铺展面积越大,但速度增大到一定程度后,对铺展面积的贡献减小。在表面温度方面,低温基板(低于锡的凝固点)易于引发飞溅,随着温度升高,次级液滴增多;在高温基板(300℃)上,无量纲铺展面积先增大后减小。研究还发现,在较低速度下,壁面温度升高促进液滴铺展,而在高速撞击下,这一规律不再适用,壁面温度仅影响无量纲铺展面积的具体变化,最终铺展面积未表现出随温度变化的明显趋势。这些发现对理解高速液滴动态行为和控制液滴铺展具有重要意义。This study explored the dynamic spreading behavior of high-speed droplets impacting solid surfaces through numerical simulation,and the effects of impact velocity and surface temperature were analyzed.A new dimensionless spreading area index was introduced to overcome the limitations of traditional spreading factors,revealing splashing and liquid film rupture phenomena post-impact.Employing the CLSVOF method,a numerical model was established,and its grid independence and result reliability were verified,showing that the droplet morphology changes and spreading factors aligned well with experimental results.The findings indicate that impact velocity is a primary influencing factor,with highspeed impacts resulting in a reduction in spreading time and an increase in splashing.For droplets of the same size,higher initial velocities lead to shorter dynamic spreading times,more pronounced phenomena of splashing,and larger dimensionless spreading areas.However the contribution of velocity to spreading area diminishes beyond a certain point.In terms of surface temperature,low-temperature substrates(below the freezing point of tin)are more prone to splashing,with increased secondary droplets as the temperature rises;on high-temperature substrates(300℃),the dimensionless spreading area initially increases and then decreases.Additionally,at lower velocities,the increase in wall temperature promotes droplet spreading;however,this rule does not apply at higher impact velocities,where wall temperature only affects the specific changes in dimensionless spreading area,and the final spreading area does not exhibit a significant trend with temperature variations.These findings are significant for understanding and controlling the dynamic behavior and spreading of high-speed droplets.

关 键 词：高速熔滴 熔滴撞击 CLSVOF方法 铺展润湿行为 飞溅行为 

分 类 号：TG174.4[金属学及工艺—金属表面处理]