含锂碱性溶液全萃取净化除杂及富集回收锂工艺研究  

Study on Removing Impurities and Enriching Lithium from the Alkaline Lithium-Containing Solutions by Solvent Extraction

作　　者：王佳琦 杨耀辉 熊文良 黄焜 WANG Jiaqi;YANG Yaohui;XIONG Wenliang;HUANG Kun(Technology Innovation Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Strategic Mineral Resources,Ministry of Natural Resources,Chengdu 610041,China;School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]自然资源部战略性矿产综合利用工程技术创新中心,成都610041 [2]北京科技大学冶金与生态工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《有色金属(中英文)》2025年第2期239-247,共9页Nonferrous Metals

基　　金：自然资源部战略性矿产综合利用工程技术创新中心开放基金(CCUM-KY-2301);国家自然科学基金资助项目(52074031,51574213)。

摘　　要：针对低浓度含锂碱性溶液净化除杂及富集锂现行工艺存在的问题,提出一种基于HBTA(苯甲酰三氟丙酮)-TRPO(三烷基氧化膦)协同萃取体系全萃取净化除杂及富集回收锂的新工艺。研究发现,钙、镁、铝等杂质离子与锂离子的萃取分离与其动力学行为密切相关。利用锂与共存杂质离子萃取速率的差异,可实现优先萃取脱除钙、镁离子,然后锂铝分离并选择性萃取富集锂离子。新工艺实现了低浓度含锂碱性溶液中多元组分的分组动力学分离,有利于资源综合回收。相比现行沉淀除杂-蒸发浓缩工艺,新工艺流程简短、锂损耗低、杂质脱除效率高,且易于连续化操作,具有工业化应用前景。To address the problems in traditional process for purifying and enriching lithium from the lowconcentration lithium-containing alkaline solutions,this paper proposed a new approach of using synergistic solvent extraction system consisting of HBTA(benzoyl-1,1,1-trifluotoacetone)and TRPO(trialkylphosphine oxide)for kinetic separation and removal of impurity ions and then enriching lithium selectively.It is found that the extraction of impurity ions such as calcium,magnesium,and aluminum from lithium ions are closely related to their kinetic behavior.Based on the difference in extraction rate,calcium and magnesium ions can be preferentially removed,followed by the selective enrichment and separation of lithium from aluminum ions,achieving kinetic-based grouping separation and comprehensive recovery of these coexisting ions.Compared to the traditional methods involving chemical precipitation impurity removal followed by evaporation and concentrating for lithium enrichment,the proposed method for extraction of lithium exhibits a shorter processing flow,a lower loss of lithium during the whole process,and a higher efficiency in removing impurity ions.This method is suitable for continuous operation and holds significant potential for industrial application.

关 键 词：锂 萃取 碱性溶液 净化 回收 

分 类 号：TF82[冶金工程—有色金属冶金] X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]