新能源汽车充电小门用玻纤增强PBT/PC复合材料的开发与应用  

Development and application of glass fiber reinforced PBT/PC composites for charging port doors of new energy vehicles

作　　者：李陵洲 冉宝清 王廷 朱永军 狄春峰 郑雄峰 LI Lingzhou;RAN Baoqing;WANG Ting;ZHU Yongjun;DI Chunfeng;ZHENG Xiongfeng(Hubei Heju Polymer Materials Co.,Ltd.,Jiangling 434100,China;Wuhan Heju Industrial Materials Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北合聚高分子材料有限公司,湖北江陵434100 [2]武汉合聚实业集团有限公司,武汉430000

出　　处：《工程塑料应用》2025年第3期40-47,共8页Engineering Plastics Application

基　　金：湖北省揭榜制科技项目鄂科技发资项目(2020BED009)。

摘　　要：新能源汽车充电小门尺寸较传统燃油车油箱小门尺寸大2~3倍,要求材料具有更高的尺寸稳定性。针对尼龙6(PA6)吸水性较强、收缩率较大易影响充电小门正常闭合的缺陷,基于聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBT)/聚碳酸酯(PC)合金材料具有较好的加工性、较低的吸水性和收缩率的特点,制备了玻璃纤维(GF)增强PBT/PC复合材料,探究了PBT和PC树脂黏度、树脂含量、GF含量,以及不同GF类型对GF增强PBT/PC复合材料物理力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着PBT和PC树脂黏度的提升、PBT/PC合金中PC树脂含量的增加,以及GF含量的增加,GF增强PBT/PC复合材料的整体力学性能呈增加趋势,熔体流动速率(MFR)逐渐降低;与普通圆形GF相比,扁平GF可使质量分数为50%的GF增强PBT/PC复合材料的力学性能和MFR均有明显提升,同时使复合材料具有更低的吸水率和收缩率,从而具有良好的尺寸稳定性。进一步从力学性能、热性能、微观形貌、收缩率、吸水率等角度分析对比了扁平GF增强PBT/PC复合材料与扁平GF增强PA6复合材料的性能。结果表明,当GF质量分数为50%时,扁平GF增强PBT/PC复合材料的吸水率和收缩率远低于扁平GF增强PA6复合材料,在耐热性和加工流动性上两者较为相近,扁平GF增强PBT/PC复合材料可替代扁平GF增强PA6复合材料应用于充电小门产品。The charging port door size of new energy vehicles is 2-3 times larger than the fuel tank port door size of traditional fuel vehicles,requiring higher dimensional stability of materials.According to the defect that polyamide 6(PA6)has strong water absorption and large shrinkage rate,which is easy to affect the normal closure of the charging port door,based on the characteristics of good processability,low water absorption and low shrinkage of poly(butylene terephthalate)(PBT)/polycarbonate(PC),the glass fiber(GF)reinforced PBT/PC composites were prepared,the effects of the viscosity of PBT and PC resin,resin content,fiber content,and different fiber types on the physical and mechanical properties of the GF reinforced PBT/PC composites were explored.The results show that,with the improvement of the viscosity of PBT and PC resin,the increase of PC content in PBT/PC alloy,and the increase of GF content,the overall mechanical properties of he GF reinforced PBT/PC composites increase,and the melt flow rate(MFR)gradually decreases.Flat GF significantly improvs the mechanical properties and MFR of 50 wt%GF reinforced PBT/PC composite compared to ordinary round GF,and the composite has a lower water absorption and shrinkage,which indicates it has good dimensional stability.Further analysis and comparison were conducted on the properties of flat GF reinforced PBT/PC composite and flat GF reinforced PA6 composite from the perspectives of mechanical properties,thermal performances,microstructure,shrinkage and water absorption.The results show that,when the GF mass fraction is 50%,the water absorption and shrinkage of flat GF reinforced PBT/PC composite are much lower than those of flat GF reinforced PA6 composite,and the two composites are relatively similar in heat resistance and processing flowability.Flat GF reinforced PBT/PC composite can replace flat GF reinforced PA6 composite in the application of charging port door products.

关 键 词：充电小门 吸水性 尺寸稳定性 玻璃纤维增强复合材料 扁平玻璃纤维 

分 类 号：TQ322.3[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]