废塑料的热解及工业应用现状  

Pyrolysis and industrial application of waste plastics

作　　者：姚璐 朱建华[1] 武本成[1] 刘宗鹏 YAO Lu;ZHU Jianhua;WU Bencheng;LIU Zongpeng(College of Chemical Engineering and Environment,China University of Petroleum-Beijing,Beijing 102249,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(北京)化学工程与环境学院,北京102249

出　　处：《工程塑料应用》2025年第3期174-180,共7页Engineering Plastics Application

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1906305)。

摘　　要：采用热解法处理废塑料可以获得高附加值产物,具有环境效益和经济效益。分析了近几年塑料制品产量、废塑料的产生量及回收量等数据,表明仍有大部分废塑料未能实现资源的再利用。介绍了反应器、催化剂及操作条件等对废塑料热解反应的影响,重点综述了近年来分别以氢气、低碳烯烃气体、汽油及柴油等馏分油为主要产物时,废塑料热解适宜的工艺方法。此外,总结了含聚氯乙烯的混合废塑料的脱氯方法,包括低温热处理、碱土金属脱氯、吸附脱氯及加氢预处理等。最后,详细阐述了近些年国内外废塑料热解技术的工业应用情况。The treatment of waste plastics by pyrolysis can obtain high value-added products,which has both environmental and economic benefits.The data regarding the production of plastic products,the production and recycling amounts of waste plastics in recent years were analyzed,which showed that most of the waste plastics still failed to realize the reuse of resources.The effects of reactor,catalyst and operating conditions on the pyrolysis of waste plastics were introduced.The appropriate pyrolysis processes for waste plastics with hydrogen,light olefin gas,distillate oils such as gasoline and diesel as the main products in recent years were reviewed.In addition,the dechlorination methods of mixed waste plastics containing polyvinyl chloride were summarized,including low temperature heat treatment,alkaline earth metal dechlorination,adsorption dechlorination and hydrogenation pretreatment.Finally,the industrial application of waste plastics pyrolysis technology at home and abroad in recent years was described in detail.

关 键 词：废塑料回收 热解 塑料油 塑料油脱氯 低碳烯烃 氢气 

分 类 号：TQ320.9[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]