西汉经敦煌郡与西域诸国交往交流中的物品研究——以敦煌悬泉汉简为中心  

Research on the Commodities Involved in the Exchanges between DunhuangCommandery of the Western Han Dynasty and the States in the Western Regions:Centered around the Han Bamboo Slips Unearthed from Xuanquan in Dunhuang

作　　者：郑炳林[1] 司豪强 ZHENG Bing-lin;SI Hao-qiang(The Insitute of Dunhuang Study,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou Gansu 730020,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学敦煌学研究所,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《苏州大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第2期192-200,共9页Journal of Soochow University(Philosophy & Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金冷门绝学研究专项学术团队项目“敦煌河西碑铭与河西史研究”(项目编号:21VJXT002);教育部哲学社会科学创新团队“敦煌西域研究创新团队”的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：悬泉汉简中的“柱”存在驮运物品之义,故进行物品运输的载体称为“柱马”“柱车”。西汉敦煌郡会对载物的柱马登记造册,且柱马、传马、骑马等马匹的类型和用途有时会出现交叉,有时会发生转化。“柱车”不是一种专有车型,而是基于其用途而产生的称谓,重车、牛车、传车等各类车型参与载物运输任务时也可算作“柱车”。西汉敦煌郡在迎送接待过往公务人员时频繁使用柱马,并为这些柱马提供茭、粟等食物。为满足运输需求,有时会将“传车马”转为“柱车马”使用。而柱马、柱车运输的物品包括钱币、丝织品、器具、食物、印绶等各种类型。总之,西汉敦煌郡所提供的物品运输、护送服务,促进了丝绸之路上的物品流通,也持续推动着西汉中原与西域间交往交流朝着更加广泛、深入的方向发展。In the Han bamboo slips excavated from Xuanquan,the character“柱zhu”has the semantic connotation of transporting goods.Therefore,the carriers used for transporting goods are called“柱马zhu-ma”and“柱车zhu-che”.During the Western Han Dynasty,the Dunhuang Commandery meticulously documented and registered zhu-ma engaged in cargo transportation.Moreover,there were cases of overlap and transformation in the classifications and functions of different types of horses,such as zhu-ma(柱马),zhuan-ma(传马),and qi-ma(骑马).The term“zhu-che”does not denote a specific and exclusive type of vehicle,but rather a name derived from its practical application.In the Western Han Dynasty,the Dunhuang Commandery often used zhu-ma to receive and escort passing officials,and provided them with provisions such as fodder and millet.There were occasions when“zhuan che-ma”was redesignated as“zhu-che-ma”to meet the needs of transportation.The goods transported by zhu-ma and zhu-che covered a wide range,including currency,silk textiles,utensils,provisions,seals and ribbons,etc.In summary,the transportation and escort services provided by Dunhuang Commandery during the Western Han Dynasty greatly facilitated the circulation of goods along the Silk Road.These services also played a pivotal role in the development of exchanges between the Central Plains of the Western Han Dynasty and the Western Regions.

关 键 词：西汉 敦煌郡 物品运输 悬泉汉简 柱马 

分 类 号：K234[历史地理—历史学]