中国抽水蓄能价格机制研究与市场化展望  

Research on price mechanism and marketization prospect of pumped storage in China

作　　者：崔正辉 韩冬 周力 赵雪松 张礼维 CUI Zhenghui;HAN Dong;ZHOU Li;ZHAO Xuesong;ZHANG Liwei(China Renewable Energy Engineering Institute,Beijing 100120,China;National Energy Group Hubei Energy Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]水电水利规划设计总院,北京100120 [2]国家能源集团湖北能源有限公司,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《人民长江》2025年第3期10-17,共8页Yangtze River

基　　金：中国水力发电工程学会“青年人才托举工程”项目(ZYGN-KT2303-003);2022年中国电建集团科技项目(DJ-ZDXM-2022-06)。

摘　　要：抽水蓄能产业发展与电价机制息息相关。在系统总结分析抽水蓄能价格机制的基础上,分析了当前两部制电价机制的优势、不足及影响,提出了一种基于系统综合效益的“抽水蓄能+新能源”对工商业电价影响的定量计算方法,从定性定量相结合的角度研判了抽水蓄能市场化的可行性,并提出了分步骤的实施路径。研究结果表明:现阶段两部制电价能够保障电站成本回收、合理收益获取并引导抽水蓄能功能发挥;考虑新能源发展规模提升和成本下降等因素,抽水蓄能容量费用对电价总体影响不显著;推进抽水蓄能市场化的基本要素是运行良好的电能量市场和完善的辅助服务市场,当前中国完全市场化条件尚不成熟,建议近中期建立健全抽水蓄能标杆容量电价机制、引导降本增效,中远期以“固定采购+市场竞价”的方式推动抽水蓄能参与电力市场,保障抽水蓄能平稳有序可持续发展。The development of pumped storage industry is closely related to the price mechanism.Based on the systematic summary and analysis of the pumped storage price mechanism,this study analyzes the advantages,disadvantages and influences of the current two-part electricity price mechanism,and proposes a quantitative calculation method that takes account of the influence of"pumped storage+new energy"on the industrial and commercial electricity price based on a comprehensive benefits perspective of the whole system.The feasibility of marketization of pumped storage is studied and judged through the qualitative and quantitative analysis,and the step implementation path is proposed.The results show that the two-part electricity price can guarantee the cost recovery,reasonable income acquisition and guide the pumped storage exerting functions.Considering the factors such as the increase of new energy development scale and the decrease of cost,the overall impact of pumped storage capacity tariff on electricity price is not significant.The basic elements of promoting the marketization of pumped storage are a well-functioning electricity energy market and a perfect auxiliary service market.However at present,the conditions of marketization of pumped storage in China are not mature.It is suggested to establish and improve the benchmark capacity electricity price mechanism of pumped storage in the near and medium term,guiding cost reduction and efficiency increase,and promote the marketization by the way of"fixed procurement+market bidding"in the medium and long term,to ensure the steady,orderly and sustainable development of pumped storage industry.

关 键 词：抽水蓄能 两部制电价 容量费用疏导 标杆容量电价 电力市场化 

分 类 号：F426.91[经济管理—产业经济] F426.61