大型输水明渠水工建筑物对水质变化的影响分析  

Influence of hydraulic structure on water quality change in large open channel of water conveyance

作　　者：习刚正 肖新宗 张屹哲 贾海燕[1,2] 王超 XI Gangzheng;XIAO Xinzong;ZHANG Yizhe;JIA Haiyan;WANG Chao(Changjiang Water Resources Protection Institute,Wuhan 430051,China;Key Laboratory of Ecological Regulation of Nonpoint Source Pollution in Lake and Reservoir Water Sources,Changjiang Water Resources Commission,Wuhan 430051,China;China South-to-North Water Diversion Middle Route Corporation Limited,Beijing100038,China)

机构地区：[1]长江水资源保护科学研究所,湖北武汉430051 [2]长江水利委员会湖库水源地面源污染生态调控重点实验室,湖北武汉430051 [3]中国南水北调集团中线有限公司,北京100038

出　　处：《人民长江》2025年第3期55-62,共8页Yangtze River

基　　金：湖北省自然科学基金项目(2022CFB342);水利部重大科技项目(SKS-2022125);中国南水北调集团科研专项(NSBDZX/SH/KY/2022-001)。

摘　　要：水工建筑物作为明渠输水的重要基础设施,改变渠道水动力条件和污染物迁移过程,可能对渠道水质造成影响。以南水北调中线总干渠为研究对象,通过对倒虹吸/渡槽、退水闸等典型水工建筑物的调查采样,分析水工建筑物对渠道水质变化的影响。结果显示:①时间尺度上,调查区水温、溶解氧(DO)、pH、高锰酸盐指数(COD_(Mn))、溶解态高锰酸盐指数(DCOD_(Mn))、颗粒态高锰酸盐指数(PCOD_(Mn))、总氮(TN)、溶解态总氮(DTN)、总磷(TP)、溶解态总磷(DTP)和颗粒态总磷(PTP)等指标季节差异显著(p<0.05),颗粒态总氮(PTN)季节差异不显著(p>0.05);空间尺度上,调查渠段水温、pH、DO、COD_(Mn)和DCOD_(Mn)等指标沿程出现显著上升或下降趋势(p<0.05)。②夏季倒虹吸/渡槽等水工建筑物出口端PCOD_(Mn)显著高于入口端(p<0.05),春、秋季均无显著性差异(p>0.05);春季退水闸处pH显著高于输水渠道(p<0.05),夏季和秋季均无显著性差异(p>0.05)。研究成果可为科学认识大型输水明渠水质变化规律、优化水质管理提供依据。As an important infrastructure of open channel in water conveyance,hydraulic structures may affect the water quality of the channel by changing the hydrodynamic conditions and pollutant migration process.Taking the main canal of the middle route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project as the research object,the influence of hydraulic structures on the water quality of the canal was analyzed through the investigation and sampling at typical hydraulic structures such as inverted siphon/aqueduct and sluice gate.The results showed that:①On the time scale,the seasonal differences of water temperature,DO,pH,permanganate index(COD_(Mn)),dissolved permanganate index(DCOD_(Mn)),particulate permanganate index(PCOD_(Mn)),total nitrogen(TN),dissolved total nitrogen(DTN),total phosphorus(TP),dissolved total phosphorus(DTP)and particulate total phosphorus(PTP)were significant(P<0.05),while the seasonal differences of particulate total nitrogen(PTN)were not significant(P>0.05).On the spatial scale,the water temperature,pH,DO,COD_(Mn) and DCOD_(Mn) in the investigated canal showed a significant upward or downward trend(P<0.05).②PCOD_(Mn) at the outlet of inverted siphon/aqueduct and other hydraulic structures was significantly higher than that at the inlet in summer(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in spring and autumn(P>0.05).In spring,the pH at the sluice gate was significantly higher than that in the water conveyance channel(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in summer and autumn(P>0.05).The research results can provide a basis for scientifically understanding of the water quality change law in large-scale open channels and optimizing water quality management.

关 键 词：水质 水工建筑物 输水明渠 南水北调中线总干渠 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程] TV672[水利工程—水利水电工程]