亭子口水库坝前水温分层结构及坝下水温节律研究  

Study on stratification structure of water temperature in front of Tingzikou Reservoir dam and rhythm of downstream river water temperature

作　　者：张旭[1] 脱友才[1] 王刚[2] 王耀雄[2] 贾云霄 黄滨 ZHANG Xu;TUO Youcai;WANG Gang;WANG Yaoxiong;JIA Yunxiao;HUANG Bin(State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China;Jialing River Tingzikou Hydropower Development Corporation Limited,Guangyuan 628000,China;Hydropower and Water Resources Planning&Design General Institute,Beijing 100120,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学山区河流保护与治理全国重点实验室,四川成都610065 [2]嘉陵江亭子口水利水电开发有限公司,四川广元628000 [3]水电水利规划设计总院,北京100120

出　　处：《人民长江》2025年第3期63-72,94,共11页Yangtze River

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3204200)。

摘　　要：为探究大型水库坝前水温分层结构及出库水温在坝下河道的演化规律,以亭子口水库为研究对象,于2021~2023年对水库坝前水温及下泄水温开展了高频原型观测。结果表明:①亭子口水库为季节分层型水库,夏季分层现象显著,7~9月出现稳定双温跃层现象,2021年秋季入库流量的剧增加强了水体的垂向混掺,显著破坏水体热分层结构;②表层水温日变幅主要受气温影响,深层水体水温日变幅主要受温跃层内波影响,出流日调节引起的温跃层内波导致最大日变幅位置向深水处移动;③温跃层深度随季节发生变化,温跃层厚度变化趋势与深度相反,表层水温与分层稳定性指数(SI)呈现显著正相关关系;④亭子口水库运行后下泄水温及坝下苍溪水文站水温在4~6月表现出明显“滞温”现象,其余月份表现出“滞冷”现象,苍溪水文站水温较气温变化滞后约44 d,到达特征水温18℃时间较天然过程延迟16 d;⑤苍溪航电枢纽成库后减缓了亭子口水库出库水流的流动,对坝下水温恢复有正效应。研究成果可为优化水库调度和分层取水措施提供参考。In order to explore stratification structures of water temperature in front of large reservoir dams and evolution laws of discharged water temperature in downstream river channels,and provide support and basis for reservoir management and optimal operation,taking Tingzikou Reservoir as the research object,high-frequency prototype observation of water temperature in front of reservoir dam and discharge water temperature was carried out from 2021 to 2023.The results showed that:①Tingzikou Reservoir was a seasonally stratified reservoir,the stratification phenomenon was the most obvious in summer and the weakest in winter,and double thermocline was observed from July to September.The dramatic increase in inflow in the fall of 2021 enhanced vertical mixing of the water column and significantly disrupted the thermal stratification structure of the water layer.②The diurnal amplitude of surface water temperature was mainly influenced by air temperature,while the diurnal amplitude of water temperature in the deeper water layer was mainly influenced by thermocline internal waves.The location of the maximum daily variability was shifted to deeper water due to thermocline internal waves caused by daily regulation of outflow.③The depth of the thermocline varied seasonally,and the trend of the thermocline thickness changes was opposite to depth of thermocline.Surface water temperature showed a significant positive correlation with SI.④After the construction of Tingzikou Reservoir,the temperature of the discharged water and the downstream water temperature of Cangxi Station showed a significant warm-lag effect in May and cold-lag effect in October to February in next year.The water temperature at Cangxi Station lagged behind the air temperature change by about 44 days,and the time of arriving at the characteristic water temperature of 18℃was delayed by 16 days compared with the natural process.The Cangxi navigation and hydropower project slowed down the outflow of Tingzikou Reservoir,which had a positive effect on th

关 键 词：水温分层结构 温跃层 坝下水温 日变化 原型观测 航电枢纽工程 亭子口水库 

分 类 号：TV697.25[水利工程—水利水电工程]