河流丁坝群对草鱼集群上溯行为的影响研究  

Effect of riverine spur-dike group on upstream behavior of grass carp clusters

作　　者：黄睿 胡江[1,2] 张漫 颜行 张渝 HUANG Rui;HU Jiang;ZHANG Man;YAN Xing;ZHANG Yu(College of River and Ocean Engineering,Chongqing Jiaotong University,Chongqing 400074,China;National Engineering Research Center for Inland Waterway Regulation,Chongqing 400074,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆交通大学河海学院,重庆400074 [2]国家内河航道整治工程技术研究中心,重庆400074

出　　处：《人民长江》2025年第3期79-86,共8页Yangtze River

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3208800);重庆市自然科学基金创新发展联合基金项目(CSTB2023NSCQ-LZX0157);长江黄金航道科技攻关项目(CJHDJHT20211200041)。

摘　　要：作为一种常见的航道整治建筑物,丁坝群在改变水流结构的同时,也改变了鱼类生境。为探究河流丁坝群对鱼类游泳行为的影响,以草鱼幼鱼为研究对象,开展鱼类集群游泳行为水槽试验,计算其在上溯过程中的瞬时运动功率和能量利用效率,以此来评估试验鱼群的上溯行为特征及能量耗散。结果表明:①坝体后方形成的缓流深潭区为鱼群提供了稳定的栖息场所,流量越大,鱼群上溯经过深潭区域的比例越大;②试验鱼群上溯路径的流速峰值集中在坝体下游位置,且流量越大,流速峰值滞后越明显;③鱼群平均摆尾频率与流速之间存在线性正相关关系,随着流速的增大,鱼群的能量利用效率越低,当相对雷诺数为213×10^(3) m^(-1)时,鱼群的能量利用效率最低。As a common waterway improvement structure,spur-dike group changes fish habitats while altering the flow structure.To investigate effects of riverine spur-dike group on fish swimming behavior,we took juvenile grass carp as the research object and carried out a flume test of fish cluster swimming behavior,calculating its instantaneous power and energy efficiency during up streaming,to evaluate the up streaming behavior characteristics and energy dissipation of the test fish group.The results showed that:①the slow-flow deep pool area behind the dam provided a stable habitat for the fish,and the higher the flow rate was,the more fish up streaming through the deep pool area.②The peak flow velocity along the up streaming path of the experimental fish group was at downstream of the dam,and the higher the flow rate was,the more pronounced the peak flow velocity hysteresis was.③There was a linear correlation between the average frequency of tail swing of the fish and the flow rate,and the energy use efficiency of the fish was lower when the flow rate was higher;and the energy use efficiency was lower when the flow rate was lower than the flow rate.As the flow rate increased,the energy utilization efficiency of the fish population decreased,and when the relative Reynolds number was 213×10^(3) m^(-1),the energy utilization efficiency of the fish population was the lowest.

关 键 词：丁坝群 草鱼幼鱼 集群游泳 上溯 能量利用效率 

分 类 号：X174[环境科学与工程—环境科学]