水工建筑物多波束水下监测技术研究  

Research on multi-beam underwater fathoming technology for hydraulic structures in shallow water area

作　　者：王宝成 许怡 WANG Baocheng;XU Yi(Three Gorges Bureau of Hydrological and Water Resources Survey,Hydrology Bureau of Changjiang Water Resources Commission,Yichang 443000,China)

机构地区：[1]长江水利委员会水文局长江三峡水文水资源勘测局,湖北宜昌443000

出　　处：《人民长江》2025年第3期152-157,共6页Yangtze River

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“多源信息融合的崩岸险情智能筛查技术研发与示范”(2023YFC3209502);长江水利委员会水文局科技创新基金项目(SWJ-CJX23Z04)。

摘　　要：多波束测深系统若采用常规安装(垂直)方式,受其波束开角的限制,对浅水区域水工建筑物的监测数据采集难度大,且边缘波束精度可靠性存在持续下降等问题。为此,结合多波束测深系统的工作原理及特性,提出了一种全新多波束测深系统倾斜安装方案,即制作一个转换法兰盘,上端与安装杆平行安装,下端倾斜与换能器对接,随后选择三峡大坝坝前泄洪孔、纵向围堰及二者交界区域开展现场试验,对垂直安装常规测量、垂直安装高密度测量、倾斜安装常规测量、倾斜安装高密度测量4种模式下数据采集精度进行统计与分析。结果表明:在与被扫测水工建筑物保持相同距离的条件下,换能器倾斜安装方法在高密度测量模式下的绝对精度、相对精度、相对点云密度、相对最浅水深分别为0.092 m,0.068 m,9.56个/m^(2),2.41 m;在保证测量精度的前提下,倾斜安装能够获得更全面的扫测数据,在一定程度上消除了垂直安装时必须尽量靠近水工建筑物的弊端,能够极大保障人员、船舶、设备安全;高密度测量模式能更有效地提高测量点位密度,成果精度更加可靠。相关成果可供类似水电工程水工建筑物水下部分安全监测。If a multi-beam sounding system is installed in a conventional way(vertical),it is difficult to collect data from hydraulic structures in shallow water areas due to the limitation of the beam opening angle,and the reliability of the edge beam accuracy is gradually decreasing.Therefore,combined with the working principle and characteristics of multi-beam sounding system,a new installation scheme of multi-beam sounding system was proposed,that is,a conversion flange was made,with its upper end installed in parallel with the installation rod,and the lower end connected with the transducer in a tilted way.In addition,field tests were carried out in the spillway holes,longitudinal cofferdam and the junction areas of the Three Gorges Dam.The data acquisition accuracy of four modes of conventional measurement with vertical installation,high-density measurement with vertical installation,conventional measurement with inclined installation and high-density measurement with inclined installation were analyzed.The results show that under the condition of keeping the same distance from the scanned hydraulic structure,the absolute accuracy,relative accuracy,relative point cloud density and relative shallowest water depth of the results obtained by the new transducer tilt installation mode were 0.092 m,0.068 m,9.56 m^(2)and 2.41 m respectively.On the premise of ensuring the measurement accuracy,the inclined installation can obtain more comprehensive scanning data.To a certain extent,it eliminates the disadvantage that the vertical installation must be as close as possible to the hydraulic structure to obtain more detailed scanning data,which can greatly ensure the safety of personnel,ships and equipment.The high-density measurement mode can more effectively improve the density of measurement points,and the accuracy of the results is more reliable.The relevant results can be used for safety monitoring of underwater parts of similar hydropower projects.

关 键 词：多波束测深系统 水下监测 倾斜安装 边缘波束 三峡大坝 

分 类 号：P217[天文地球—测绘科学与技术] TV61[水利工程—水利水电工程]