工程陡坡水蚀特征对植被密度响应的降雨试验  

Rainfall experiment on response of water erosion characteristics to vegetation density on engineering steep slopes

作　　者：郭锐 张鹏 李黎 李季孝 刘海波 吴光耀 GUO Rui;ZHANG Peng;LI Li;LI Jixiao;LIU Haibo;WU Guangyao(Huaneng Lancang River Hydropower Inc.,Kunming 650206,China;Yunnan Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion Prevention and Green Development,Kunming 650228,China;Yunnan Water Science Research Institute,Kunming 650228,China)

机构地区：[1]华能澜沧江水电股份有限公司,云南昆明650206 [2]云南省水土流失防治与绿色发展重点实验室,云南昆明650228 [3]云南省水利水电科学研究院,云南昆明650228

出　　处：《人民长江》2025年第3期184-190,229,共8页Yangtze River

基　　金：云南省重点研发计划项目(202203AA080009);云南省科技计划项目(202402AE090024)。

摘　　要：工程建设扰动地表、破坏原地貌,易诱发水土流失,而植被种植是恢复工程扰动区域生态的重要手段之一。在野外调查基础上,开展了模拟降雨试验,以裸坡为对照,分析了百喜草(Paspalum notatum Flugge,PF)在2种种植密度(PF10,10 cm×10 cm;PF20,20 cm×20 cm)条件下对工程陡坡(28°)产流产沙特征以及水沙效益的影响。结果表明:①1.0,1.5,2.0 mm/min降雨强度下PF20地表径流发生时间比裸坡提前61.81%,0.88%,19.38%,而PF10在降雨强度1.5 mm/min和2.0 mm/min时起到延缓径流发生的效果,滞后效益分别达到76.61%和237.21%。②裸坡3种降雨强度下的平均产流率是PF10的3.23,4.55,1.28倍,降雨强度1.0 mm/min和1.5 mm/min下,裸坡平均产流率是PF20的1.10倍和1.27倍,但在降雨强度为2.0 mm/min时,PF20的平均产流率达到裸坡的1.08倍;在降雨强度≤1.5 mm/min时植被可显著减少陡坡侵蚀,但在降雨强度为2.0 mm/min时在产流中后期出现植被陡坡侵蚀大于裸坡,但总体上3种降雨强度下裸坡平均产沙率分别达到PF20的7.83,2.86,1.24倍,是PF10的23.01,6.98,3.13倍。③PF20和PF10的平均减沙效益分别为57.26%和83.11%,平均减流效益分别为7.08%和56.22%,PF10的减流和减沙效益分别是PF20的7.94倍和1.45倍。方差贡献率分析表明降雨强度对工程陡坡累计产流量和累计产沙量的贡献率是植被密度的7.18倍和4.31倍,但植被密度的调控产沙效果高于产流。研究结果可为工程扰动边坡开展植被生态修复提供科学指导。Project constructions significantly disrupt the surface and damage the original vegetation,potentially leading to soil erosion.Vegetation planting is one of the important means to restore the regional ecology disturbed by the subsequent implementation of the project.Based on field investigations,simulated rainfall experiments were conducted with bare slopes as controls to analyze the effects of Paspalum notatum Flugge(PF)on the runoff and sediment yielding characteristics and water-sediment benefits of engineering steep slopes(28°)under two vegetation densities(PF10:10 cm×10 cm,PF20:20 cm×20 cm).Results showed:①The occurrence time of PF20 surface runoff under rainfall intensities of 1.0,1.5 mm/min,and 2.0 mm/min was 61.81%,0.88%,and 19.38%earlier than that of bare slopes.In contrast,PF10 delayed runoff occurrence when rainfall intensities of 1.5,2.0 mm/min,with a lag benifits of 76.61%and 237.21%.②The average runoff rate on the bare slope under three different rainfall intensities was 3.23,4.55 times,and 1.28 times than that of PF10.At rainfall intensities of 1.0 mm/min and 1.5 mm/min,the average runoff rate on the bare slope was 1.10 times and 1.27 times than that of PF20.However,at rainfall intensity of 2.0 mm/min,the average runoff rate of PF20 reached 1.08 times than that of bare slope.When rainfall intensity reached 2.0 mm/min,the average sediment yield rate of PF20 was 1.08 times than that of the bare slope.When rainfall intensity was 1.0 mm/min and 1.5 mm/min,vegetation significantly reduced erosion on steep slopes.In contrast,at 2.0 mm/min rainfall intensity,vegetation-induced erosion on steep slopes was greater than that on bare slope in the later stages of runoff.Overall,the average sediment yield on bare slopes was 7.83,2.86,1.24 times more than that of PF20 and 23.01,6.98,3.13 times more than that of PF10.③The average sediment reduction benefits of PF20 and PF10 were 57.26%and 83.11%,respectively,while the average runoff reduction benefits were 7.08%and 56.22%,respectively.The runoff and sedi

关 键 词：工程陡坡 植被密度 产流产沙 减水减沙 模拟降雨 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]