三峡水库消落期库尾减淤调度效果研究  

Study on sediment reduction operation effect at tail reach of Three Gorges Reservoir during drawdown period

作　　者：肖潇 董炳江 邢龙 朱玲玲 XIAO Xiao;DONG Bingjiang;XING Long;ZHU Lingling(Hydrology Bureau,Changjiang Water Resources Commission,Wuhan 430010,China;China Three Gorges Corporation,Yichang 443100,China)

机构地区：[1]长江水利委员会水文局,湖北武汉430010 [2]中国长江三峡集团有限公司,湖北宜昌443100

出　　处：《人民长江》2025年第3期200-206,共7页Yangtze River

基　　金：国家自然科学基金长江水科学研究联合基金项目(U2040218);中国长江三峡集团有限公司科研项目(0704220)。

摘　　要：三峡水库库尾河段的泥沙淤积问题是影响库尾河段航运的重点问题。依据2022年实测水文数据和河道固定断面资料,采用体积法进行冲淤量分析计算;并结合减淤调度的实施情况,深入剖析消落期三峡水库库尾减淤调度效果;在此基础上,探讨了入库水沙条件、坝前水位变化幅度以及前期库尾淤积状况等因素对减淤调度效果的影响。结果表明:①2022年重庆市主城区河段泥沙冲刷主要集中在消落期,冲刷量达247万m^(3),而汛期及蓄水期则发生泥沙淤积,淤积量为101万m^(3)。②2022年嘉陵江河口段、长江干流朝天门以上河段、长江干流朝天门以下河段、铜锣峡至李渡口镇河段以及李渡镇至涪陵河段的泥沙冲刷量分别为13万,17万,108万,606万m^(3)和99万m^(3),分别占消落期泥沙冲刷量的19%,19%,121%,82%和84%。③从减淤调度期间入库水沙条件、坝前水位变化和前期库尾淤积状况与河段河道冲淤量相关关系来看,入库水沙条件是影响减淤调度效果的最主要因素。研究成果可为优化三峡水库调度策略,有效减少库尾淤积问题提供重要参考。The problem of sediment deposition at the tail reach of the Three Gorges Reservoir is a significant issue affecting navigation in the reservoir tail section.Based on the measured hydrological data and the fixed-section of the river in 2022,the sampling volume method was used to analyze and calculate the amount of erosion and deposition.Combined with the sediment reduction operations,the effect of sediment reduction operations at the tail of the Three Gorges Reservoir during the drawdown period was analyzed in depth.On this basis,the effects of inflow water and sediment conditions,water level variations in front of the dam,and previous sedimentation at the reservoir tail on the effectiveness of sediment reduction operations were discussed.The results show that:①In 2022,sediment erosion in the main urban area of Chongqing was mainly concentrated during the drawdown period,with the erosion amount reaching 2.47 million m^(3),while sediment deposition occurred during the flood season and impoundment period,with the deposition amount of 1.01 million m^(3).②In 2022,the amounts of sediment erosion in the Jialing River reach,the reach above Chaotianmen of the Changjiang River,the reach below Chaotianmen of the Changjiang River,the reach from Tongluoxia to Lidukou,and the reach from Lidukou to Fuling were 130000 m^(3),170000 m^(3),1080000 m^(3),6060000 m^(3),and 990000 m^(3),respectively,accounting for 19%,19%,121%,82%,and 84%of the sediment erosion during the drawdown period.③From the correlation analysis among inflow water and sediment conditions,water level changes in front of the dam,previous erosion and deposition at reservoir tail,and the erosion and deposition in river channels,it was found that inflow water and sediment conditions are the most critical factors affecting the effectiveness of sediment reduction operations.The research results can provide an important reference for optimizing the operation strategy of the Three Gorges Reservoir and effectively mitigating the sediment deposition problem at reserv

关 键 词：泥沙淤积 减淤调度 消落期 库尾河段 三峡水库 

分 类 号：TV697.2[水利工程—水利水电工程]