透明植物纤维基复合材料的制备技术及前沿应用  

Preparation technologies and advanced applications of transparent plant fiber-based composites

作　　者：王全亮 杨鹏岭 郭正深 夏常磊 陈春霞[3] WANG Quanliang;YANG Pengling;GUO Zhengshen;XIA Changlei;CHEN Chunxia(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China;College of Materials Science and Engineering,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210000,China;College of Chemistry,Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学机电工程学院,哈尔滨150040 [2]南京林业大学材料科学与工程学院,南京210000 [3]东北林业大学化学化工与资源利用学院,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《复合材料学报》2025年第2期704-722,共19页Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica

基　　金：黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(YQ2023C025);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2572023CT10-02)。

摘　　要：植物纤维作为一种天然可再生和生物降解的绿色环保材料,来源广泛、储量丰富,如林业木竹和作物秸秆资源,广泛应用于制造纤维增强树脂/硅酸盐等复合材料,市场巨大、前景广阔。植物纤维基透明功能材料的研发,对于突破传统工程材料(如纤维板、木塑复合材料)光学不透明的技术瓶颈,拓宽农林木质制品应用范围具有科学意义与研究价值。本文详细梳理了纤维基透明材料的最新研究进展,系统归纳了纤维材料绿色漂白及透明化的制备机制及制备技术的优缺点和关键技术难点。论证了初步脱色透明化处理的透明材料可以优化工艺,在保留植物纤维特性的同时实现多功能化。重点从植物纤维基透明材料的力学、透明度、雾度、阻燃、隔热等方面进行阐述,探讨了纤维透明材料在节能建筑、光电子器件、储能材料领域的应用前景。植物纤维透明材料的开发,未来仍需大量系统化的基础理论研究。随着制备技术及改性方法的不断完善,其性能将得到进一步提升,推动在建筑、光电、储能等领域的应用。The plant fiber,as a natural renewable,biodegradable green and eco-friendly material,has a wide range of sources and abundant reserves,such as forestry wood,bamboo,and crop straw resources.It is widely used in the manufacturing of composite materials,such as fiber-reinforced resins/silicates,with a huge market and broad prospects.The development of transparent functional materials based on plant fibers has scientific significance and research value in breaking through the technical bottleneck of optical opacity for the traditional engineering materials(such as fiberboard and wood plastic composites)and expanding the application range of agricultural and forestry biomass products.The article provides a detailed overview of the latest research progress on fiber-based transparent materials.It systematically summarizes the mechanisms of green bleaching and transparency of plant fiber materials,as well as the characteristics and key difficulties of the preparation techniques.It has been demonstrated that transparent materials treated with preliminary decolorization and transparency can optimize the process,and achieve the multifunctionality while retaining the characteristics of plant fibers.This article focuses on the mechanics,transparency,haze,flame retardancy,and thermal insulation of plant fiber based transparent materials,and explores the application prospects of fiber transparent materials in energy-saving buildings,optoelectronic devices,and energy storage materials.There is still a lot of systematic research to be promoted in the utilization of plant fiber transparent materials.With the continuous improvement of preparation technology and modification methods,its performance will be further improved,promoting its application in fields such as architecture,optoelectronics,and energy storage.

关 键 词：植物纤维 透明复合材料 制备技术 节能建筑 储能材料 光电子器件 

分 类 号：TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]