高导电性聚吡咯改性玄武岩纤维制备与性能  

Preparation and performance of highly conductive polypyrrole-modified basalt fiber

作　　者：曾思衡 汪昕[1] 吴智深[1] 化璐青 ZENG Siheng;WANG Xin;WU Zhishen;HUA Luqing(Key Laboratory of C&PC Structures Ministry of Education,National and Local Unified Engineering Research Center for Basalt Fiber Production and Application Technology,Southeast University,Nanjing 211189,China)

机构地区：[1]东南大学混凝土及预应力混凝土结构教育部重点实验室,玄武岩纤维生产及应用技术国家地方联合工程研究中心,南京211189

出　　处：《复合材料学报》2025年第2期723-736,共14页Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFB3706503);国家自然科学基金(52178115);中央高校基本科研业务费(2242022k30031,2242022k30033)。

摘　　要：玄武岩纤维(BF)具有优异的力学性能、耐腐蚀性和热稳定性,已经广泛使用于国民经济的众多领域。然而由于玄武岩纤维的绝缘性,限制了其在电磁屏蔽、静电防护等领域的应用。本文开发了一种制备导电玄武岩纤维的方法,该方法在实现玄武岩纤维高导电性的同时,提升了玄武岩纤维的拉伸强度,是一种高效、低成本、友好的制备方法。该方法以吡咯单体(Py)、氧化剂氯化铁(FeCl_(3))和掺杂剂5-磺基水杨酸钠(NaSSA)为原料,通过原位聚合法在玄武岩纤维表面沉积导电聚合物聚吡咯(PPy),设置不同Py、FeCl_(3)和NaSSA浓度作为参数研究其对玄武岩纤维导电性的影响。在改性过程中,玄武岩纤维表面逐渐由黄褐色变成黑色,表面附着上了均匀厚实的聚吡咯涂层。聚吡咯颗粒展现出较高的掺杂水平、双极化子比例和共轭链长度,说明聚吡咯具有良好的结构。在导电性能方面,PPy改性玄武岩纤维的电阻率最低下降至8×10^(-3)Ω·cm,说明改性后的玄武岩纤维具有优异的导电性。在拉伸性能上,纤维的单丝拉伸强度提升20.6%,并通过差异性分析和Weibull分布模型进行验证,这体现了该方法在实现导电性能的同时保护了纤维结构和力学性能。本文为扩宽玄武岩纤维的应用领域及实现功能化玄武岩纤维复合材料提供了一种新的方案。Basalt fibers(BF)possess outstanding mechanical properties,corrosion resistance,and thermal stability,making them widely utilized in various sectors of the national economy.However,due to the insulating nature of basalt fibers,their application in areas such as electromagnetic shielding and electrostatic protection is limited.The investigation introduces a method for preparing conductive basalt fibers,which not only enhances the conductivity of basalt fibers but also improves the tensile strength.It is an efficient,low-cost,and environmentally friendly preparation method.The method utilizes pyrrole monomers(Py),iron chloride oxidant(FeCl_(3)),and the dopant sodium 5-sulfosalicylate(NaSSA)as raw materials.Conductive polypyrrole(PPy)is deposited on the surface of basalt fibers through in-situ polymerization.Different concentrations of Py,FeCl_(3) and NaSSA are investigated as parameters to study their effects on the conductivity of basalt fibers.Through the in-situ polymerization method,basalt fibers gradually change from brown to black,with a uniform,stable,and thick polypyrrole coating on the surface.The polypyrrole particles exhibit a high doping level,bipolaron ratio,and conjugated chain length,indicating a well-defined structure.In terms of electrical conductivity,the resistance of polypyrrole-modified basalt fibers decreases to a minimum of 8×10^(-3)Ω·cm,demonstrating excellent conductivity after modification.In terms of mechanical properties,the tensile strength of the fibers is maximally increased by 20.6%,highlighting the significant advantages of the method in preserving fiber structure and enhancing fiber mechanical performance.It was verified by variability analysis and Weibull distribution modeling.The investigation provides a new opportunity for expanding the application of basalt fibers and achieving functionalized basalt fiber composite materials.

关 键 词：玄武岩纤维 聚吡咯 导电性 原位聚合法 掺杂剂 拉伸强度 

分 类 号：TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]