粉煤灰-壳聚糖复合物增强水性膨胀型防火涂料耐火性能  

Fire resistance of waterborne intumescent fire-retardant coatings reinforced by fly ash-chitosan composites

作　　者：孙朝 金义杰 严晗[1] 段海涛 詹胜鹏 余华龙 陈奡 贾丹 SUN Zhao;JIN Yijie;YAN Han;DUAN Haitao;ZHAN Shengpeng;YU Hualong;CHEN Ao;JIA Dan(China Railway Construction Engineering Group,China Railway Housing Construction Professional Research and Development Center,Beijing 100160,China;State Key Laboratory of Special Surface Protection Materials and Application Technology,China Academy of Machinery Wuhan Research Institute of Materials Protection Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430030,China)

机构地区：[1]中铁建工集团有限公司中国中铁房建专业研发中心,北京100160 [2]中国机械总院集团武汉材料保护研究所有限公司特种表面保护材料及应用技术国家重点实验室,武汉430030

出　　处：《复合材料学报》2025年第2期1061-1070,共10页Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52205213);湖北省重大攻关项目(JD)(2023BAA003)。

摘　　要：以粉煤灰(FA)和壳聚糖(CS)等废弃物为原料,制备了FA-CS复合阻燃填料,并将其引入水性膨胀型防火涂料体系中,以强化涂层的耐火极限和隔热性能,采用FTIR、XRD、SEM等对复合阻燃填料进行观察分析。再通过大板实验、背温曲线和微观组织结构等考察了涂层的耐火性能和隔热能力,从而揭示其防火阻燃机制。大板实验显示,在外焰温度维持在(1000±50)℃,燃烧时间为60 min的前提下,相比水性膨胀体系(WIS)、FA/WIS、CS/WIS涂层,FA-CS/WIS涂层具有较高的膨胀倍率(10.2倍)和更低的背面温度(279℃),表现出优异的阻隔热量传递和抗火焰冲刷的能力。此外,采用SEM对涂层膨胀层表面形貌进行分析,结果显示相比其他涂层,FA-CS/WIS涂层具有更致密光滑的表面。FA-CS/WIS涂层表现出优异的阻燃耐火性能,主要归因于:(a)涂层材料中膨胀阻燃体系的酸化、气化等反应,逐渐形成膨胀层;(b)CS参与了膨胀层的成炭反应,促进了膨胀倍率的提升;(c)具有优异耐热性能的FA在燃烧后的残炭中作为耐温材料填补在膨胀层的孔隙中,增加了膨胀层的热稳定性和阻隔能力。Based on the wastes of fly ash(FA)and chitosan(CS),FA-CS composite flame-retardant filler was prepared and introduced into the water-based intumescent fireproof coating system to strengthen the fire-resistant limit and heat-insulating property of the coating.The FA-CS composite was observed and characterized by the techniques of FTIR,XRD,SEM,etc.Then the fire resistance and heat insulation ability of the coating were evaluated by large-plate experiments,back-temperature curves and microstructure and thus revealed its fireretardant and flame-retardant mechanism.Large-plate experiments showed that on the premise that the external flame temperature was maintained at(1000±50)℃ and the combustion time is 60 min,compared with the waterborne intumescent system(WIS),FA/WIS,and CS/WIS coatings,the FA-CS/WIS coating exhibited a higher expansion multiplier(10.2 times)and lower backside temperature(279℃),thus demonstrating excellent ability to block the heat transfer and flame washout.In addition,SEM analysis of the surface morphology of the intumescent layer of the coating showed that the FA-CS/WIS coating had a denser and smoother surface compared with the other coatings.In brief,the excellent flame retardant and fire-resistant properties of the FA-CS/WIS coating were mainly attributed to:(a)The acidification and gasification of the intumescent flame retardant system of the coating material,which gradually formed the intumescent layer;(b)The participation of chitosan in the charcoal-forming reaction of the intumescent layer,which promoted the intumescent multiplication;(c)Fly ash with excellent heatresistant properties in the residual charcoal after combustion is used as a temperature-resistant material to fill in the pores of the expansion layer,which increases the thermal stability and barrier capacity of the expansion layer.

关 键 词：粉煤灰(FA) 壳聚糖(CS) 废弃物利用 隔热性能 膨胀倍率 阻燃机制 

分 类 号：TQ328.3[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业] TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]