组学技术在奶牛乳腺炎发病机制和诊断上应用研究进展  

Research Progress on the Application of Omics Technology in the Pathogenesis and Diagnosis of Mastitis in Dairy Cows

作　　者：范曼婷 黄若婷 佘远航 郭建超 刘建营 郭勇庆 FAN Manting;HUANG Ruoting;SHE Yuanhang;GUO Jianchao;LIU Jianying;GUO Yongqing(College of Animal Science,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;Guangdong Breeding Livestock and Poultry Quality Inspection Center,Guangzhou 510665,China;Agro-Tech Extension Center of Guangdong Province,Guangzhou 510030,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学动物科学学院,广州510642 [2]广东省种畜禽质量检测中心,广州510665 [3]广东省农业技术推广中心,广州510030

出　　处：《畜牧兽医学报》2025年第3期1076-1088,共13页ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA

基　　金：奶牛生产性能测定能力及高效服务体系建设提升项目(h20230549)。

摘　　要：乳腺炎是奶牛养殖中危害较大的疾病之一,严重影响奶牛健康和乳品安全,因此需要及时采取预防和控制措施。目前,奶牛乳腺炎存在诊断效率不高和发病机制解释不清晰等问题。随着高通量测序技术的快速发展,基因组学、表观基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学等组学技术已被逐步应用于奶牛乳腺炎相关研究上,推动了对该疾病的深入认知。本文综述了组学技术在奶牛乳腺炎发病机制和诊断上的应用现状及研究进展,旨在为科学认识和降低乳腺炎发病率提供参考。通过解析奶牛乳腺炎的多层面机制,揭示了关键调控通路、潜在生物标志物,如CHI3L1、LBP、GSN、GCLC、C4等蛋白质及乳酸、酪氨酸等代谢物,可为乳腺炎发病机制的解析提供指导,也为干预治疗提供了新的途径。但是,在生产中应用时,组学技术仍面临着成本和技术门槛高等挑战。随着多组学技术的深入整合和成本降低,将有助于发现更精确的生物标志物,深入了解特定信号通路,为奶牛乳腺炎的预防、诊断和治疗提供更为科学的依据。Mastitis is one of the more harmful diseases in dairy farming,which seriously affects the health of cows and dairy safety,and therefore requires timely preventive and control measures.Currently,there are problems such as inefficient diagnosis and unclear explanations of the pathogenesis of mastitis in dairy cows.With the rapid development of high-throughput sequencing technology,genomics,epigenomics,transcriptomics,proteomics,and other omics techniques have been gradually applied to dairy mastitis-related research,which promotes in-depth knowledge of the disease.This paper reviews the current status and research progress of the application of omics techniques in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of mastitis in dairy cows,aiming to provide a reference for scientific understanding and reducing the incidence of mastitis.By analyzing the multifaceted mechanism of mastitis in dairy cows,key regulatory pathways,and potential biomarkers,such as proteins like CHI3L1,LBP,GSN,GCLC,C4,and metabolites like lactic acid and tyrosine,were revealed,which can provide knowledge for the unveiling of mastitis and a new way for intervention and treatment.However,when applied in production,histology technologies still face challenges such as high cost and technical threshold.With the deeper integration and lower cost of multi-omics technology,it will help to discover more accurate biomarkers and gain insight into specific signaling pathways,providing a more scientific basis for the prevention,diagnosis,and treatment of mastitis in dairy cows.

关 键 词：组学技术 奶牛 乳腺炎 发病机制 诊断 

分 类 号：S857.26[农业科学—临床兽医学]