基于岩石物理约束的复杂致密砂岩储层叠前地震反演方法研究  

Pre-stack seismic inversion method for physical properties of complex tight sandstone reservoirs based on the rock physics model

作　　者：张兵[1] 米洪刚 刘红星 徐伟 史浩 郭俊超 ZHANG Bing;MI HongGang;LIU HongXing;XU Wei;SHI Hao;GUO JunChao(China United Coalbed Methane Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100016,China)

机构地区：[1]中联煤层气有限责任公司,北京100016

出　　处：《地球物理学进展》2025年第1期220-229,共10页Progress in Geophysics

基　　金：中海油重大项目“多薄层致密气开发关键技术”(KJGG2022-1004)资助.

摘　　要：基于岩石物理约束的地震反演方法旨在针对复杂致密砂岩储层物性参数预测多解性强,导致储层刻画难度大以及优质储层优选不准等问题,以理论岩石物理建模和贝叶斯概率反演框架等手段,利用叠前地震数据和测井数据,开展复杂致密砂岩储层物性参数的地震预测方法研究,实现复杂致密砂岩储层的精细表征,为复杂致密储层地震勘探提供技术支撑.由于复杂致密砂岩储层具有低孔低渗以及复杂的孔隙结构等特征,采用统一的孔隙结构假设,使得常规的岩石物理建模方法和传统的储层参数地震反演方法已不适用.因此,本文在岩石物理的基础上,推导了基于孔隙度、含水饱和度和孔隙纵横比表征的复杂致密砂岩储层地震反射系数方程.利用推导的反射系数方程,构建了基于岩石物理约束的贝叶斯叠前地震反演方法,该方法中通过使用贝叶斯线性理论,实现了复杂致密砂岩储层物性参数以及孔隙几何参数的直接估计.结果表明,一方面在岩石物理建模上,该方法对岩石物理参数的预测精度更高,另一方方面,利用该方法预测的物性结果与井上实测更加吻合,证明其在复杂致密砂岩储层物性地震预测方面的优势和准确性.The seismic inversion method based on rock physics constraints aims to deal with the challenge of accurately predicting physical properties of complex tight sandstone reservoirs,which often exhibit strong ambiguity.This ambiguity makes it difficult to characterize the reservoir and accurately select high-quality ones.By employing theoretical rock physics modeling and a Bayesian probability inversion framework,along with pre-stack seismic data and well logging data,a method is proposed to predict the physical properties of complex tight sandstone reservoirs through seismic analysis.This approach allows for a detailed characterization of these reservoirs and provides technical support for exploring such complex formations.Because complex tight sandstone reservoirs typically have low porosity,low permeability,and intricate pore structures,assuming a uniform pore structure makes traditional rock physics modeling and reservoir parameter seismic inversion methods inadequate.Hence,this paper derives seismic reflection coefficient equations for complex tight sandstone reservoirs,considering parameters like porosity,water saturation,and pore aspect ratio.Using these equations,a Bayesian pre-stack seismic inversion method is developed,which directly estimates the physical parameters and pore geometry of complex tight sandstone reservoirs using Bayesian linear theory.Results indicate that this method not only provides more accurate predictions of rock physics parameters but also yields physical property estimates that align better with actual wellbore measurements.This demonstrates the method's effectiveness and precision in predicting physical properties of complex tight sandstone reservoirs using seismic data.

关 键 词：岩石物理 致密砂岩储层 叠前反演 物性预测 贝叶斯理论 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]