当前中国农业适度经营规模标准探讨——基于成本收益视角的分析  

Discussion on the Current Moderate Scale Standard for Agricultural Management in China——Analysis based on cost-benefit perspective

作　　者：罗屹 LUO Yi

机构地区：[1]国家发展改革委价格成本和认证中心

出　　处：《价格理论与实践》2024年第12期91-98,共8页Price:Theory & Practice

摘　　要：发展农业适度规模经营已经成为农业现代化的重要途径。然而,关于当前我国农业究竟需要多大经营规模的讨论并无定论。在分析我国发展农业适度规模经营基础条件和现实情况的基础上,本文以粮食生产为例,试图从理论、现实、政策等三个角度探析这一问题的合理答案。同时,分析导致目前我国土地流转增速逐年放缓的主要限制因素。结果表明:我国具备发展农业适度规模经营的法律基础、政策基础、经济基础和现实基础,当前粮食生产适宜的家庭经营规模在6.67公顷(即100亩)左右。发展农业适度规模经营面临土地成本快速上升、农地流转市场发育不健全、家户地块分散及农村劳动人口老龄化等问题。建议从加快补齐乡村发展短板、推动地租合理运行、提升新型经营主体能力、健全农业社会化服务体系等方面入手,打通发展农业适度规模经营堵点卡点,推进农业提质增效。Developing moderately scaled agricultural operations has become an important avenue for agricultural modernization.However,there is no consensus on the appropriate scale of operations needed for agriculture in China today.Based on an analysis of the foundational conditions and current realities for developing moderately scaled agriculture in China,this paper attempts to explore reasonable answers to this issue from three perspectives:theory,reality,and policy,using grain production as an example.It also examines the main limiting factors that have led to a gradual slowdown in the rate of land transfer in China.The results indicate that China possesses the legal,policy,economic,and practical foundations necessary for developing moderately scaled agricultural operations,with the appropriate family-operated scale for current grain production being around 6.67 hectares(or 100 acres).The development of moderately scaled agriculture faces challenges such as rapidly rising land costs,an underdeveloped land transfer market,fragmented household plots,and an aging rural labor force.It is recommended to address these issues by accelerating the resolution of rural development shortcomings,promoting reasonable land rent operations,enhancing the capabilities of new types of management entities,and improving the agricultural social service system,thereby removing obstacles to the development of moderately scaled agriculture and promoting the quality and efficiency of agriculture.

关 键 词：农业 适度规模经营 生产模式 土地流转 

分 类 号：F323[经济管理—产业经济]