利特菲尔德论题与《绿野仙踪》研究的历史化  

Littlefield’s Thesis and the Historicization of Research on The Wonderful Wizards of Oz

作　　者：赵辉兵 焦秀丽 

机构地区：[1]渤海大学历史文化学院 [2]江苏师范大学历史文化与旅游学院

出　　处：《都市文化研究》2024年第2期191-208,共18页Urban Cultural Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“美国知识精英与公共政策变迁研究(1872 1925)”(22BSS008)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：美国著名的儿童文学家L.弗兰克·鲍姆的《绿野仙踪》自1900年问世以来,尽管为人们所津津乐道,但学者们大多将其视为难登学术研究殿堂的大众文学的一部分,认为它不过是一部童话故事。直到1964年,美国高中历史教师亨利·M.利特菲尔德在《美国季刊》发表了极具争议与原创十足的文章《<绿野仙踪>:平民主义的寓言》,才打破了这种固有的认知:他主张《绿野仙踪》不仅是一部儿童文学故事,更是一部关乎19世纪末美国社会政治转型历史的平民主义寓言;由此学者们关注的重点也从文本本身的解读转为文本生成的语境与创作者所处的时代背景。随着利特菲尔德论题的提出,有关《绿野仙踪》与创作者鲍姆的学术研究可谓“一石激起千层浪”。学者们开始广泛探讨《绿野仙踪》与19世纪末20世纪初美国社会政治的关联。平民主义论、进步主义论、种族主义论、神智论、女权主义论、地区政治论、政治文化论、历史记忆论等,纷纷呈现,莫衷一是。究其实质,《绿野仙踪》不仅是一部童话故事,亦是一部寓教于乐的乌托邦小说;它既有对赤子之心般美好人性的憧憬,也烙下并融入了深深的时代印记;它一方面迎合了青少年对美好神奇生活的向往,另一方面也折射了19世纪末20世纪初美国现代化转型的困境。L.Frank Baum's The Wonderful Wizards o f Oz was published since 1900,it became the favorite book for the children and the adults.However,many scholars believed that this book was merely a fantasy story,not worthy of academic research.Until 1964,Henry M.Littlefield,an American high school teacher,published the article“The Wizard of Oz:Parable on Populism”in American Quarterly.He asserted that The Wonderful Wizards of Oz was not merely a fantasy story,but also a populist's Parable on the American society and politics during the late 19^(th) century and early 20^(th) century.Consequently,the scholars shifted their concerns from the text to the context.The Littlefield's thesis ignited the hot discussions on The Wonderful Wizards o f Oz and L,Frank Baum.The Scholars put forward many different views:populism,progressivism,racism,theosophy,feminism,regionalism,political cultures and history memory etc.In essence to say,The Wonderful Wizards o f Oz was not only a fan-tasy story,but also a utopian novel with delight and morality;not merely has the promise of good humanity,but also stamped the marks of the era;not only pleased for the hope for the good life,but also reflected the dilemma of American modern transformation during the late 19^(th) century and early 20^(th) century.

关 键 词：利特菲尔德论题 《绿野仙踪》 历史化 

分 类 号：I712.078[文学—其他各国文学]