英国东印度公司统治期间马德拉斯的杜巴什阶层研究(1641—1800)  

A Study of the Dubash Class in Madras During the Rule of the British East India Company(1641-1800)

作　　者：汤誉波 

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学人文学院

出　　处：《都市文化研究》2024年第2期68-87,共20页Urban Cultural Studies

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“融合与冲突:都市移民的社群、空间和文化研究”(22JJD770057)的阶段性成果;上海师范大学高水平地方高校建设一流研究生教育项目之博士研究生拔尖创新人才培育“近代英属印度马德拉斯的杜巴什阶层研究”的成果

摘　　要：17世纪中叶,英国东印度公司经营印度殖民地的初期,出于语言、文化、宗教等领域的隔阂,公司需要熟悉本地情况的代理人提供中介服务。在马德拉斯城,英东公司的代理人是杜巴什(Dubash)。杜巴什主要由当地高种姓的旧地主或商人组成,最初只是雇主的翻译,随着公司在印度地区的扩张,杜巴什的职权延伸到贸易、外交、行政等领域,积累了足以威胁公司统治的实力。17世纪末18世纪初,双方围绕贸易份额、生产管理、城市治权多领域展开博弈,杜巴什取得的优势令公司陷入安全焦虑。于是,英东公司采取了制度改革、剥夺特权、污名化攻击等手段展开反击,将杜巴什从殖民国家的权力空间中驱逐。双方博弈的本质是对马德拉斯政治权威的争夺。在多方因素的合力下,杜巴什实现了去代理人角色的身份转型。In the mid-17th century,when the British East India Company was operating the Indian colony,due to barriers in language,culture,religion and other fields,the company needed agents who were familiar with local conditions to provide intermediary services.In Madras City,the EIC's agent was Dubash.Dubash was mainly composed of old local high-caste landowners or businessmen.They were initially just translators for their employers.As the company expanded in India,Dubash’s authority extended to trade,diplomacy,administration and other fields,and accumulated enough to threaten the company.The strength to rule.At the end of the 17th century and the beginning of the 18th century,the two sides competed in many areas such as trade share,production management,and urban governance.The advantages obtained by Dubash once caused the company to suffer from security anxiety.As a result,the EIC counterattacked by reforming the system,depriving privileges,and stigmatizing attacks to expel Dubash from the power space of the colonial country.The essence of the game between the two parties was the competition for political authority in Madras.With the combined efforts of many factors,Dubash achieved an identity transformation that eliminated the role of agent.

关 键 词：英国东印度公司 马德拉斯 代理人 种姓 杜巴什 

分 类 号：D856.1[政治法律—政治学] D835.1[政治法律—外交学] K561.4[历史地理—历史学] D735.1[历史地理—世界史]