配方施肥对无患子幼树光合特性和生长的影响  

Effect of variations in fertilization formula on the photosynthetic characteristics and growth of young Sapindus saponaria

作　　者：刘俊涛 贾黎明 闫小莉 张卫华[2] 蔡婉婷 仲静 王立宪 曹秋丽 赵鹏丽 陈义勇 余佳欣 陈娜 翁学煌 LIU Juntao;JIA Liming;YAN Xiaoli;ZHANG Weihua;CAI Wanting;ZHONG Jing;WANG Lixian;CAO Qiuli;ZHAO Pengli;CHEN Yiyong;YU Jiaxin;CHEN Na;WENG Xuehuang(National Energy R&D Center for Non-Food Biomass,Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education,School of Forestry,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Guangdong Academy of Forestry,Guangzhou 510520,China;College of Forestry,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China;Fujian Yuanhua Forestry Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.,Jianning 354500,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学林学院,省部共建森林培育与保护教育部重点实验室,国家能源非粮生物质原料研发中心,北京100083 [2]广东省林业科学研究院,广东广州510520 [3]福建农林大学林学院,福建福州350002 [4]福建源华林业生物科技有限公司,福建建宁354500

出　　处：《南京林业大学学报(自然科学版)》2024年第6期23-33,共11页Journal of Nanjing Forestry University:Natural Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家科技基础资源调查专项(2019FY100803);建宁县人民政府与福建农林大学共建农业科技现代化先行县重点项目(KH230122A)

摘　　要：【目的】探究氮磷钾配施对无患子(Sapindus saponaria)‘媛华’和‘粤硕菩提’生长和光合特性的影响,为无患子优良品种科学施肥提供理论依据。【方法】以无患子品种‘媛华’和‘粤硕菩提’为试验材料,采用“3414”大田试验方法,研究不同N、P和K配方施肥处理(0.N、P、K均不施肥;1.N肥75 kg/hm^(2),P肥45 kg/hm^(2),K肥20kg/hm^(2);2.N肥150 kg/hm^(2),P肥90kg/hm^(2),K肥40kg/hm^(2);3.N肥225kg/hm^(2),P肥135kg/hm^(2),K肥60kg/hm^(2))对无患子优良品种生长和光合特性的影响。【结果】无患子‘媛华’和‘粤硕菩提’的树高以N_(2)P_(1)K_(2)和N_(2)P_(2)K_(3)处理效果最好,分别比对照提高28.42%和39.14%,且差异显著(P<0.05);其N_(1)P_(2)K_(1)和N_(2)P_(3)K_(2)处理的无患子地径最大,比对照组(N_(0)P_(0)K_(0))提高了16.11%和32.93%。不同施肥影响无患子‘媛华’树高和地径顺序为磷>氮>钾,而影响‘粤硕菩提’的树高和地径顺序为氮>钾>磷。不同施肥处理无患子‘媛华’和‘粤硕菩提’均以N_(2)P_(2)K_(2)处理的净光合速率最高,较对照组显著提高了42.19%和53.01%,各处理组能提高叶片净光合速率、胞间CO_(2)浓度和蒸腾速率、水分利用效率,但‘媛华’气孔导度变化不明显。氮肥施用量与‘媛华’和‘粤硕菩提’树高和地径均呈极显著正相关。采用熵权TOPSIS法对不同施肥处理下无患子品种‘媛华’和‘粤硕菩提’的生长和光合指标进行综合评价,‘媛华’的施肥处理以N_(2)P_(1)K_(2)和N_(1)P_(2)K_(2)的综合评价较好,‘粤硕菩提’的施肥处理以N_(1)P_(1)K_(2)和N_(2)P_(2)K_(2)较好。【结论】适当氮磷钾配施能有效促进无患子‘媛华’和‘粤硕菩提’的生长和光合特性,‘媛华’的最佳的氮磷钾肥配施方案N、P、K的施肥量分别为115.26、64.14、44.37 kg/hm^(2),‘粤硕菩提’的N、P、K的施肥量分别为117.90、87.65、36.11 kg/hm^(2)。【Objective】The study aimed to explore the effects of the combined application of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and potassium(K)fertilizers on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of the‘Yuanhua’and‘Yueshuo Bodhi’of Sapindus saponaria,and to provide a theoretical basis for the scientific fertilization of disease-free clones.【Method】Using the S.saponaria‘Yuanhua’and‘Yueshuo Bodhi’as the experimental materials,the“3414”field experimental method was used to study the effects of different N,P,and K fertilization regimes on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of the S.saponaria.【Result】The tree heights of the offspring of S.saponaria were greatest following treatment with N_(2)P_(1)K_(2) and N_(2)P_(2)K_(3),being 28.42%and 39.14%higher,respectively,than that of the control,and the differences were found to be significant(P<0.05).The ground diameter was largest following treatment with N_(1)P_(2)K_(1) and N_(2)P_(3)K_(2),and increased by 16.11%and 32.93%,respectively,compared to that of the control(N_(0)P_(0)K_(0)).The tree heights and ground diameters of the‘Yuanhua’were in the following order:P>N>K,under different fertilization treatments,while those of the‘Yueshuo Bodhi’were in the order:N>K>P.The net photosynthetic rate of the‘Yuanhua’and‘Yueshuo Bodhi’was highest following treatment with N_(2)P_(2)K_(2) under different fertilization regimes,and increased significantly by 42.19%and 53.01%,respectively,compared to that of the control.The net photosynthetic rate,intercellular CO_(2) concentration,rate of transpiration,and foliar water use efficiency of the treatment groups improved significantly;however,the stomatal conductance of the‘Yuanhua’did not alter significantly,and the stomatal conductance of the‘Yueshuo Bodhi’differed significantly,The quantity of N fertilizer applied exhibited a significant positive correlation with the tree heights and ground diameters of‘Yuanhua’and‘Yueshuo Bodhi’trees.The growth and photosynthetic indicators o

关 键 词：无患子 氮磷钾配方施肥 光合作用 熵权TOPSIS法 

分 类 号：S718[农业科学—林学] Q89[生物学]