无患子生殖生长物候期液流特征及其对枝叶修剪的响应  

The sap flow characteristics and responses to branch and leaf pruning during reproductive phenological periods in Sapindus saponaria

作　　者：王冕之 郑玉琳 贾黎明 李露 罗水晶 刘济铭 刘俊涛 WANG Mianzhi;ZHENG Yulin;JIA Liming;LI Lu;LUO Shuijing;LIU Jiming;LIU Juntao(National Energy R&D Center for Non-Food Biomass,Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education,College of Forestry,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Fujian Yuanhua Forestry Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.,Jianning 354500,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学林学院,省部共建森林培育与保护教育部重点实验室,国家能源非粮生物质原料研发中心,北京100083 [2]福建源华林业生物科技有限公司,福建建宁354500

出　　处：《南京林业大学学报(自然科学版)》2024年第6期13-22,共10页Journal of Nanjing Forestry University:Natural Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家科技基础资源调查专项(2019FY100803)

摘　　要：【目的】了解无患子(Sapindus saponaria)关键物候期液流速率特征及其对修剪和气象因子的响应规律,为无患子生殖生长各关键物候期水分的科学管理提供理论参考。【方法】在福建省三明市建宁县无患子国家林木种质资源库试验区,以5年生无患子新品种‘媛华’为试验材料,利用热扩散液流探针和自动气象站监测2021年4月20日—11月9日的树干液流和气象数据分析气象因子和枝叶修剪对无患子液流特征的影响。试验中探针安装于距地面约30 cm处以保证所有处理的探针都安装于第1分枝之下。修剪组样树在花序抽生期长出花序后进行一次性修剪,去掉遮蔽花序阳光的枝组和复叶。对照组样树不做修剪处理。【结果】①无患子日均液流速率随时间在7个生殖生长关键物候期尺度上呈现降低—升高—降低的趋势。在初果期蒸腾活动最强,日均液流速率高达(1.13±0.05)×10^(-3)(修剪)和(1.48±0.05)×10^(-3)cm/s(对照),在果实成熟期蒸腾活动最弱,日均液流速率低至(0.15±0.02)×10^(-3)(修剪)和(0.26±0.03)×10^(-3)cm/s(对照)。除花芽膨大期外,修剪显著降低了无患子各物候期液流速率,降低作用在树体生长旺盛的晴天较明显、在果实发育末期最强。②太阳辐射、空气温度、风速和饱和水汽压亏缺是无患子液流速率的主要驱动因子,而降水量和空气相对湿度是主要限制因子。持续降水等气象因素是花芽膨大期至开花期前期和果实膨大期中期无患子蒸腾活动的主要限制因素,叶片老化、树体逐渐进入休眠是果实成熟期液流速率低的主要原因。【结论】修剪显著降低了树体蒸腾作用,降低效应随关键物候期向后发展而增强。无患子生殖生长全物候期液流速率波动明显,推测树木和果实生长对水分的需求与树体耗水行为密切相关,而花序生长发育时期持续过量降雨等气象因素不利于无患子蒸腾【Objective】The present study aimed to investigate the characteristics of sap flow velocity of Sapindus saponaria and its response pattern to pruning and meteorological factors during the key phenological periods,and to provide a theoretical reference for scientific water management during key reproductive phenological periods of Sapindus.【Method】The present study was conducted in the experimental area of the Sapindus National Forest Germplasm Repository in Jianning County,Sanming City,Fujian Province.Using five-year-old S.saponaria‘Yuanhua’.Thermal dissipation probes(TDPs)and automatic weather stations were utilized to monitor sap flow and meteorological data from April 20,2021 to November 9,2021.The probes were installed approximately 30 cm above the ground to ensure that all probes were installed under the first branch.Sample trees in the pruning group were pruned once after inflorescence growth at the inflorescence growth period to remove branches and leaves that shaded the inflorescence from sunlight.Trees in the control group were left unpruned for comparison.【Result】The average daily sap flow velocity of S.saponaria showed a decreasing-increasing-decreasing trend over time during the seven key reproductive phenological periods.The strongest transpiration activities were(1.13±0.05)×10^(-3)cm/s(pruning)and(1.48±0.05)×10^(-3)cm/s(CK)in the early ovary growing period,while the weakest transpiration activities were(0.15±0.02)×10^(-3)cm/s(pruning)and(0.26±0.03)×10^(-3)cm/s(CK)in the fruit maturity period.Pruning significantly reduced the sap flow velocity of S.saponaria in all phenological periods,except for the bud swelling period.This reduction effect was more pronounced on sunny days when the tree was actively growing and was strongest at the end of the fruit development period.In addition,solar radiation,air temperature,wind speed and vapor pressure deficit(VPD)were the main drivers of sap flow velocity,while precipitation and air humidity were the main limiting factors.Meteorological

关 键 词：无患子 液流 修剪 物候期 气象因子 

分 类 号：S725.5[农业科学—林木遗传育种]