数据要素参与收入分配的理论框架  

Theoretical Framework of Data Factors Participating in Income Distribution

作　　者：徐齐利 XU Qili

机构地区：[1]江西财经大学经济学院

出　　处：《当代经理人》2024年第4期58-84,共27页Contemporary Manager

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大招标项目“数据要素驱动经济增长的理论与政策研究”(23&ZD073);国家自然科学基金地区项目“产业补贴与产能过剩:形成机理与防范机制”(72263012)

摘　　要：本文在“公理→原理→定理”的理论研究范式下,建立了数据要素在企业层面参与初次分配的理论框架。首先,建立了数据要素的公理体系:提出了数据要素的交易公理、生产公理、分配公理和需求公理。随后,揭示了数据要素的引致需求原理:分别针对数据要素和传统要素、固定产出和自由产出、一般化生产函数和具体化生产函数,建立了企业的要素需求系统。然后,揭示了数据要素的收入原理:为资本替代型数据投入者、传统资本投入者、劳动替代型数据投入者、传统劳动投入者、信息资源型数据投入者以及剩余索取者,建立了对应要素需求系统的收入分配系统。最后,建立了数据要素参与分配的定理体系:提出了收入分配的对偶定理、收入分配的配比定理、收入分配的斯勒茨基方程、收入分配系统的内部权衡定理、收入分配与要素需求的系统变动定理、收入分配与生产技术的转型升级定理。该理论框架对数据要素参与收入分配的理论体系建设做出了公理化、定理化的数理贡献,为量化研究数据要素参与收入分配提供了分解的平衡方程和测算的具体模型。基于该理论,分别从产业数字化、数字产业化、要素数字化、治理数据化等四个方面提出数据要素参与数字经济建设的对策建议。This paper established a theoretical framework for data factors participating in primary distribution at the firm level under the theoretical research paradigm of“Axiom-Principle-Theorem”.First,the axiom system of data factors is established:the transaction axiom,production axiom and distribution axiom,demand axiom of data factors are proposed.Afterwards,the principle of derived demand of data factors is revealed:for data factors and traditional factors,fixed output and free output,generalized production function and specific production function,the firm's factor demand system is established.Then,the income principle of data factors is revealed:an income distribution system corresponding to the factor demand system is established for digital capital investors,traditional capital investors,labor-substituting data investors,traditional labor investors,data resource investors and residual claimants.Finally,the theorem system for the participation of data factors in the distribution is established:the duality theorem,the ratio theorem,the Slutsky equation,the internal trade-off theorem of income distribution,the theorem of systematic change between income distribution and factor demand,and the income distribution theorem of transformation and upgrade of the production technology.This theoretical framework makes axiomatic and theoretic mathematical contributions to the construction of the theoretical system of data factors participating in income distribution,providing decomposed balance equations and specific models for quantitative research on data factors participating in income distribution.Based on this theory,this paper puts forward practical suggestions for data factors participating in the construction of digital economy from four aspects:industrial digitization,digital industrialization,factor digitization,and governance digitization.

关 键 词：数据要素 收入分配 初次分配 数字经济 要素数字化 理论框架 

分 类 号：F49[经济管理—产业经济] F124.7