对配偶的不忠行为相对人的精神损害赔偿请求——对最高裁判所2019年2月19日民集73卷2号第187页的评释  

Compensation Claim for Mental Damages of the Spouse's Infidelity Relative—Commentary on the Supreme Court's Case of February 19,2019 Vol.73,No.2,Page 187 of Collection of Civil Judgments—

作　　者： 赵宸毅(译) MIZU NO Noriko

机构地区：[1]日本东北大学法学研究科 [2]中国政法大学比较法学研究院

出　　处：《厦门大学法律评论》2024年第2期180-191,共12页Xiamen University Law Review

摘　　要：自1978年3月30日最高裁判所作出判决后,对配偶的不忠行为相对人的精神损害赔偿请求的诉讼数量急剧增加。这种诉讼也形成了和交通事故案件类似的、所谓的赔偿金额的“市场行情”,而在学界也存在否定这种请求权的有影响力学说。2019年2月19日最高裁判所的判决没有否认以不忠行为为由的侵权责任,但是判决认为当事人不负有因不忠行为导致夫妻离婚为理由的侵权责任。这个判决认为夫妻关系是根据夫妻双方的意思、由夫妻双方进行决定的。这个判决给配偶的不忠行为相对人责任问题以再度思考的机会,同时对离婚精神损害赔偿金等离婚给付问题也造成了影响。In Japan,the practice of one spouse exercising the right to claim compensation for mental damage against the other person in the spouse's act of infidelity was established by case law in the 1920s.In recent years,some new developments have been made,such as stipulating the statute of limitations for the extinction of this right of claim;defining infidelity as a joint infringement,the liability for damages owed by both parties to the infidelity as the unreal joint obligation;the order of occurrence of marriage breaches and infidelity.The 2019 case of the Supreme Court further draws a line between the two kinds of right of claim,“compensation for mental damage based on infidelity”and“compensation for mental damage based on divorce”.No matter how the case law develops and changes,the principle that should be grasped is:the legal interests suffered by the betrayed spouse are opposite to the legal interests of the spouse who did the infidelity act such as freedom of love and divorce,and the adjustment of these legal interests should be handled by the family law.Only in special cases can it be regulated by the law of tort liability.

关 键 词：不忠行为 离婚 精神损害赔偿 侵权责任 婚姻法 

分 类 号：D923.9[政治法律—民商法学]